Massive body-brain disconnection consequent to spinal cord injuries drives profound changes in higher-order cognitive and emotional functions: A PRISMA scoping review

Moro, Valentina; Beccherle, Maddalena; Scandola, Michele; Aglioti, Salvatore Maria

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105395

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Without this simulation, the task is carried out by means of visual strategies, with errors in estimations that are not in uenced by distances and ramp inclination. These results provide evidence of the role of the current internal states of the body in space representation in the presence of chronic pain, thus supporting previous studies on healthy and deafferented groups (Beccherle et al, 2022;Scandola et al, 2020;Moro et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pain and the Perception of Space in Fibromyalgia: Effects of Pain in Estimations of Distance

Scandola,

Beccherle,

Polati

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Economy of action hypothesis postulates that bodily states rescale the perception of the individual’s environment’s spatial layout. The estimation of distances and slopes in navigation space (i.e. the space reachable by locomotion) is influenced by sensations relating to body condition and the metabolic cost of the actions. The results of the studies investigating the impact of pain on distance estimation remain inconclusive. 28 women suffering from chronic pain and fibromyalgia (FM), and 24 healthy controls (HC) were assessed for musculoskeletal, neuropathic, and visceral pain. In a VR-mediated task, they observed a 3D scenario and estimated the distance of a flag positioned at different distances (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5m) on virtual ramps with either a 4% or 24% inclination. Overestimation of distances in the steeper ramp condition was expected, if participants executed the task by internally simulating the movement. The results showed a dissociation between the effects of musculo-skeletal and visceral-neuropathic pain on distance estimations. According to the Economy of action hypothesis, the HCs estimated the distances as being farther away when the ramp was more inclined (i.e. at 3m and 5m and with a 24% inclination). Furthermore, visceral and neuropathic pain were found to affect the performance of this group. In contrast, there was no effect related to the different ramp inclinations in the FM group, indicating that in the presence of chronic widespread pain, automatic, bodily-based estimations of the potential cost of actions in space are compromised.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pain and the Perception of Space in Fibromyalgia: Effects of Pain in Estimations of Distance

Scandola,

Beccherle,

Polati

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Several studies have shown that chronic deafferentation (loss of sensory input) and de-efferentation (loss of motor output) substantially change the functional organization of the cortical somatotopy both in animals (Aguilar et al, 2010;Brown & Martinez, 2019;Filipp et al, 2019;Kambi et al, 2014) and humans (Curt et al, 2002;Filipp et al, 2019;Freund et al, 2013;Henderson et al, 2011;Leemhuis et al, 2022). Consistently, behavioural studies in patients affected by SCI revealed the presence of bodypart-specific deficits in action and body form recognition (Pernigo et al, 2012), in body ownership (Lenggenhager et al, 2012), in motor imagery (Scandola et al, 2017) and in the perception of biological motion (Arrighi et al, 2011; see Moro et al, 2022Moro et al, , 2023 for recent reviews). It is worth noting, however, that significant effects of chronic deafferentation and deefferentation on discrimination of action related sounds perception is not always reported (e.g., Pazzaglia et al, 2018;Vannuscorps & Caramazza, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Predicting and coding sound into action translation in spinal cord injured people

Grisoni,

Piperno,

Moreau

et al. 2024

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Motor activation in response to perception of action‐related stimuli may depend on a resonance mechanism subserving action understanding. The extent to which this mechanism is innate or learned from sensorimotor experience is still unclear. Here, we recorded EEG while people with paraplegia or tetraplegia consequent to spinal cord injury (SCI) and healthy control participants were presented with action sounds produced by body parts (mouth, hands or feet) that were or were not affected by SCI. Non‐action sounds were used as further control. We observed reduced brain activation in subjects affected by SCI at both pre‐ and post‐stimulus latencies specifically for those actions whose effector was disconnected by the spinal lesion (i.e., hand sound for tetraplegia and leg sound for both paraplegia and tetraplegia). Correlation analyses showed that these modulations were functionally linked with the chronicity of the lesion, indicating that the longer the time the lesion‐ EEG data acquisition interval and/or the more the lesion occurred at a young age, the weaker was the cortical activity in response to these action sounds. Tellingly, source estimations confirmed that these modulations originated from a deficit in the motor resonance mechanism, by showing diminished activity in premotor (during prediction and perception) and near the primary motor (during perception) areas. Such dissociation along the cortical hierarchy is consistent with both previous reports in healthy subjects and with hierarchical predictive coding accounts. Overall, these data expand on the notion that sensorimotor experience maintains the cortical representations relevant to anticipate and perceive action‐related stimuli.

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“…Many factors have been suggested to in uence the results of cognitive testing [4,26,27]. We tried to retrieve as many determinants as possible during the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive assessment during inpatient rehabilitation after spinal cord injury, a retrospective cross-sectional study

Leeuwen,

Post,

Stolwijk-Swüste

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cognitive assessment during inpatient rehabilitation after spinal cord injury Anneke A.W. Welkamp1 MSc, Christel C. M v. Leeuwen1 PhD, Marcel W.M. Post1,2 PhD and Janneke M. Stolwijk-Swüste1 MD, PhD. 1 Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands Study design Cross-sectional study Objectives 1) to evaluate cognitive functioning of rehabilitation inpatients with recently acquired spinal cord injury (SCI) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); 2) to compare the MoCA with the cognitive domain of the Utrecht scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation (USER) Setting First inpatient rehabilitation in a specialized rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands. Methods MOCA and USER data of inpatients between November 2020 and December 2021 were used. The correlation coefficient between MoCA and USER scores and regression analysis determined the associations between MoCA and demographic and injury-related variables. Results Included were 99 adults aged (median) 59.1 years (range 19.5-84.4), 67% male, 26% traumatic SCI, 64% paraplegic. MoCA and USER scores were available for 83 and 92 individuals, respectively. In 44.6 % of the participants, the MoCA score was below the cut-off. Age (r = 0.31, p = 0.005) and educational level (r = 0.54 P < 0.00) were significantly correlated to the MoCA score. The MoCA and the cognitive domain of the USER were moderately correlated (r = 0.25, p = 0.03). Conclusions Almost half of the inpatients scored below the cut-off score on the MoCA. Since the MoCA is a validated cognitive screening tool, the moderate correlation of the MoCA and the cognitive domain of the USER suggests that the USER alone is not sufficient in detecting cognitive deficits. We recommend to screen for cognitive deficits in all people with new SCI. Sponsorship None

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Massive body-brain disconnection consequent to spinal cord injuries drives profound changes in higher-order cognitive and emotional functions: A PRISMA scoping review

Cited by 5 publications

References 137 publications

Pain and the Perception of Space in Fibromyalgia: Effects of Pain in Estimations of Distance

Pain and the Perception of Space in Fibromyalgia: Effects of Pain in Estimations of Distance

Predicting and coding sound into action translation in spinal cord injured people

Cognitive assessment during inpatient rehabilitation after spinal cord injury, a retrospective cross-sectional study

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