Massive bleaching of coral reefs induced by the 2010 ENSO, Puerto Cabello, Venezuela

Mónaco, Carlos del; Haiek, Gerard; Narciso, Samuel; Galindo, Miguel

doi:10.15517/rbt.v60i2.3911

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…During this event, there was a very strong thermal anomaly that led to severe bleaching throughout Indonesia, the Indo-Pacific in general and the Caribbean (Hoeksema & Matthews 2011, Krishnan et al 2011, del Mónaco et al 2012, Guest et al 2012, van Woesik et al 2012. At one locality in Indonesia (Pulau Weh, Sumatra) that was unaffected by the 1997−98 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, coral bleaching led to the demise of > 90% of Acropora colonies (Guest et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral reefs next to a major conurbation: a study of temporal change (1985-2011) in coral cover and composition in the reefs of Jakarta, Indonesia

Cleary¹,

Polónia²,

Renema³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Coral reefs are diverse, ecologically important and globally threatened ecosystems. Numerous studies have reported on the threats to coral reefs, which include both local perturbations, such as pollution and overfishing, and widespread phenomena, such as bleaching. Here, we report on the history of the Jakarta Bay−Thousand Islands reef system from 1985 to 2011. Over this period, we recorded significant shifts in coral generic composition and an overall decline in coral cover with widely different trajectories between in-, mid-and offshore zones. In 1985, coral cover exhibited a clear on-to-offshore gradient with low coral cover inshore (10%), moderate cover midshore (49%) and high cover offshore (74%). The low coral cover inshore contrasts strongly with reports of high coral cover for inshore reefs in 1929. Inshore, coral cover declined from 10% in 1985 to < 5% in 1995. The greatest change in coral cover and composition, however, occurred in offshore reefs, where mean cover declined from 74 to < 20% between 1985 and 1995. Acropora species were particularly affected and declined from 36 to just 5% cover offshore. Recovery of coral cover occurred offshore between 1995 and 2005. From 2005 to 2011, however, a less severe loss in coral cover was observed. With the exception of inshore reefs, which appear to be on an ongoing trajectory of decline that started before the 1985 surveys, the reefs of the Jakarta Bay−Thousand Islands system have shown a propensity to recover.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral reefs next to a major conurbation: a study of temporal change (1985-2011) in coral cover and composition in the reefs of Jakarta, Indonesia

Cleary¹,

Polónia²,

Renema³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…in Eakin et al ., ), it was most widespread where thermal stress was highest and TC cooling was lowest (far southeast). Similarly in 2010, thermal stress was concentrated in the southeast, where there was bleaching reported at reefs with minimal TC cooling (Columbia – Bayraktarov et al ., ; Venezuela – del del Mónaco et al ., , Lesser Antilles –reefbase.org).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was coupled with an unusually active TC season (Shein et al ., ). Then, in 2010, record setting SST again led to widespread bleaching (e.g., Bayraktarov et al ., ; del Mónaco et al ., ), accompanied by another active TC season (Blunden et al ., ). This combination of high thermal stress and TC activity frequently occurs across the region (Carrigan & Puotinen, ), particularly since the start of a multidecadal TC active phase in 1995 (Bell & Chelliah, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclone cooling combats region‐wide coral bleaching

Carrigan

Puotinen

2014

Global Change Biology

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Coral bleaching has become more frequent and widespread as a result of rising sea surface temperature (SST). During a regional scale SST anomaly, reef exposure to thermal stress is patchy in part due to physical factors that reduce SST to provide thermal refuge. Tropical cyclones (TCs - hurricanes, typhoons) can induce temperature drops at spatial scales comparable to that of the SST anomaly itself. Such cyclone cooling can mitigate bleaching across broad areas when well-timed and appropriately located, yet the spatial and temporal prevalence of this phenomenon has not been quantified. Here, satellite SST and historical TC data are used to reconstruct cool wakes (n=46) across the Caribbean during two active TC seasons (2005 and 2010) where high thermal stress was widespread. Upon comparison of these datasets with thermal stress data from Coral Reef Watch and published accounts of bleaching, it is evident that TC cooling reduced thermal stress at a region-wide scale. The results show that during a mass bleaching event, TC cooling reduced thermal stress below critical levels to potentially mitigate bleaching at some reefs, and interrupted natural warming cycles to slow the build-up of thermal stress at others. Furthermore, reconstructed TC wave damage zones suggest that it was rare for more reef area to be damaged by waves than was cooled (only 12% of TCs). Extending the time series back to 1985 (n = 314), we estimate that for the recent period of enhanced TC activity (1995-2010), the annual probability that cooling and thermal stress co-occur is as high as 31% at some reefs. Quantifying such probabilities across the other tropical regions where both coral reefs and TCs exist is vital for improving our understanding of how reef exposure to rising SSTs may vary, and contributes to a basis for targeting reef conservation.

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“…Extensive mortality caused changes in the community structure a year later (Bastidas et al, 2012). Other bleaching events recorded in Venezuela since 1998 primarily affected reefs in several oceanic islands and the western and central coast of Venezuela, but these events did not produce extensive mortality events like the one reported in 2010 (Rodríguez et al, 2010;Bastidas et al, 2012;Mónaco et al, 2012).…”

Section: Patterns Of Coral Assemblage Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

On the importance of spatial scales on beta diversity of coral assemblages: a study from Venezuelan coral reefs

Miyazawa

Montilla

Agudo-Adriani

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Estimating variability across spatial scales has been a major issue in ecology because the description of patterns in space is extremely valuable to propose specific hypotheses to unveil key processes behind these patterns. This paper aims to estimate the variability of the coral assemblage structure at different spatial scales in order to determine which scales explain the largest variability on β-diversity. For this, a fully-nested design including a series of hierarchical-random factors encompassing three spatial scales: (1) regions, (2) localities and (3) reefs sites across the Venezuelan territory. The variability among spatial scales was tested with a permutation-based analysis of variance (Permanova) based on Bray-Curtis index. Dispersion in species presence/absence across scales (i.e., β-diversity) was tested with a PermDisp analysis based on Jaccard’s index. We found the highest variability in the coral assemblage structure between sites within localities (Pseudo-F = 5.34; p-value = 0.001, CV = 35.10%). We also found that longitude (Canonical corr = 0.867, p = 0.001) is a better predictor of the coral assemblage structure in Venezuela, than latitude (Canonical corr = 0.552, p = 0.021). Largest changes in β-diversity of corals occurred within sites (F = 2.764, df1= 35, df2 = 107, p = 0.045) and within localities (F = 4.438, df1= 6, df2 = 29, p = 0.026). Our results suggest that processes operating at spatial scales of hundreds of meters and hundreds of kilometers might both be critical to shape coral assemblage structure in Venezuela, whereas smaller scales (i.e., hundreds of meters) showed to be highly- important for the species turnover component of β-diversity. This result highlights the importance of creating scale-adapted management actions in Venezuela and likely across the Caribbean region.

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Massive bleaching of coral reefs induced by the 2010 ENSO, Puerto Cabello, Venezuela

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Coral reefs next to a major conurbation: a study of temporal change (1985-2011) in coral cover and composition in the reefs of Jakarta, Indonesia

Coral reefs next to a major conurbation: a study of temporal change (1985-2011) in coral cover and composition in the reefs of Jakarta, Indonesia

Tropical cyclone cooling combats region‐wide coral bleaching

On the importance of spatial scales on beta diversity of coral assemblages: a study from Venezuelan coral reefs

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