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AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Richard Friend and Julie Butler of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Linda Hutchins of the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, and Laila Parker and Michelle Craddock of the Massachusetts Fish and Game's Division of Ecological Restoration for their review comments for this report. Additionally, the author thanks Stacey Archfield, Gregory Granato, and Gardner Bent of the U.S. Geological Survey for their technical reviews of this report and Anna Glover of the U.S. Geological Survey for the editorial review of the report.
Effects of Water-Supply Reservoirs on Streamflow in MassachusettsBy Sara B. Levin
AbstractState and local water-resource managers need modeling tools to help them manage and protect water-supply resources for both human consumption and ecological needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, has developed a decision-support tool to estimate the effects of reservoirs on natural streamflow. The Massachusetts Reservoir Simulation Tool is a model that simulates the daily water balance of a reservoir. The reservoir simulation tool provides estimates of daily outflows from reservoirs and compares the frequency, duration, and magnitude of the volume of outflows from reservoirs with estimates of the unaltered streamflow that would occur if no dam were present. This tool will help environmental managers understand the complex interactions and tradeoffs between water withdrawals, reservoir operational practices, and reservoir outflows needed for aquatic habitats.A sensitivity analysis of the daily water balance equation was performed to identify physical and operational features of reservoirs that could have the greatest effect on reservoir outflows. For the purpose of this report, uncontrolled releases of water (spills or spillage) over the reservoir spillway were considered to be a proxy for reservoir outflows directly below the dam. The ratio of average withdrawals to the average inflows had the largest effect on spill...