Mass transfer in fluid flow from a solid sphere

Garner, F. H.; Grafton, R. W.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1954.0141

Cited by 51 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…For example, karst topography occurs when water dissolves limestone, a process that can result in sinkholes and extensive cave systems [3]. Other natural sculptures include streamlined yardangs [4], mushroom-shaped hoodoos [5], and crescentlike dunes [6], and the driving processes may include ablation [7,8], corrosion [9], melting [10][11][12], erosion [13,14], and dissolution [15][16][17][18]. Typically the dynamics involve a complex shape-flow coupling, with the flow influencing the evolution of the solid boundary, which in turn affects the flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sculpting of a dissolvable body due to gravitational convection

et al. 2018

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Natural sculpting processes such as erosion or dissolution often yield universal shapes that bear no imprint or memory of the initial conditions. Here we conduct laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the shape dynamics and role of memory for the simple case of a dissolvable boundary immersed in a fluid. Though no external flow is imposed, dissolution and consequent density differences lead to gravitational convective flows that in turn strongly affect local dissolving rates and shape changes, and we identify two distinct behaviors. A flat boundary dissolving from its lower surface tends to retain its overall shape (an example of near perfect memory) while bearing small-scale pits that reflect complex near-body flows. A boundary dissolving from its upper surface tends to erase its initial shape and form an upward spike structure that sharpens indefinitely. We propose an explanation for these different outcomes based on observations of the coupled shape dynamics, concentration fields, and flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sculpting of a dissolvable body due to gravitational convection

et al. 2018

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“…where Reynolds number is based on the diameter (Garner and Grafton, 1954;Pitter et al, 1974;Thorpe and Mason, 1966).…”

Section: Analytical Methods For the Hemispherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is summarized in Zhao et al (2020), theoretical studies on the sublimation process itself are rare, in contrary to being the fundamental phenomenon in de-icing and defrosting processes, food preservation, and porous media fabrication. In literature, investigations on naphthalene, solid carbon dioxide, benzoic acid (Aoki et al, 2002;Garner and Grafton, 1954;Hong and Song, 2007;Smolik and Vitovec, 1983), ice (Neumann et al, 2009;Schmidt, 1972;Schmidt and Gluns, 1992;Thorpe and Mason, 1966), and subcooled water droplets (Reitzle et al, 2019;Ruberto et al, 2017) are present. However, there is a lack of study on the sublimation during ice formation in domestic refrigerators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nemli̇ Ve Zorlanmiş Taşinimli Kapali Haci̇mlerde Yariküresel Buz Sübli̇masyonunun Anali̇ti̇k İncelenmesi̇

GÜLŞAN,

TOKGOZ,

ONBAŞIOĞLU

2023

Isı Bilimi Ve Tekniği Dergisi

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In real life, sublimation of ice under certain conditions results in non-uniform formation of ice cubes with irregular shapes. During extracting these irregularly shaped cubes from enclosed spaces, the openings through which the cubes move can be plugged. A deep analysis of the sublimation process should be applied to make the shape of the ice cubes homogeneous and smooth-edged. Although there is an analytical method for the sublimation of spherical ice in literature, the hemispherical shape has not been studied. Furthermore, if ice formation and sublimation occur simultaneously within a place confined by a wall, novel approaches are necessary. In the current study, an analytical method has been proposed for the sublimation from a hemispherical ice sample as a combination of the models for the spherical and circular flat surfaces. The sublimation rate calculated by this new analytical method has been compared to the results from the weighing experiments and visualizations where the sublimation over time was measured by processing a series of images of ice cubes. There is a good agreement between the calculated values and the mass loss observed in the visualized images and the weighted samples. Thus, it is concluded that the sublimation rate is correlated with the velocity, temperature, and relative humidity of the air flowing over the ice cubes undergoing sublimation.

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“…Mass transfer rates were calculated using empirical correlations [4,5]. Miller reports Harriott's finding that radial diffusion becomes the dominant mode of mass transfer for particles of diameter 205 microns and less in an agitated flow [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Model of a Drug Particle Dissolving in a Dissolution Test Apparatus

McMahon

Crane

Ruskin

et al. 2009

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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The dissolving compact, or tablet, is the most widely used method of drug delivery. Dissolution tests are used to ensure consistency during tablet manufacture, to assess the dissolution characteristics of a particular tablet design, to establish in vitro/in vivo correlations, and to predict how the drug will perform in the body. Dissolution tests also form a part of the drug approval process. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Type 2 Paddle Dissolution Apparatus,from here on referred to as the USP apparatus, is a standard dissolution test device, used by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry. Although the USP apparatus is much used, detailed theoretical descriptions of its characteristics are still not well developed. This work considers one possible end state of a dissolving tablet, i.e. fragmentation into small particles with dissolution continuing from the disintegrated solid masses. A framework for calculating the motion of and mass transfer from a drug particle moving through the USP apparatus is outlined. Calculations demonstrate that small particles move with the USP apparatus flow and that, for small particles below a critical diameter, natural convection and radial diffusion dominate, i.e. forced convection effects can be neglected for small particles.

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Mass transfer in fluid flow from a solid sphere

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Self-sculpting of a dissolvable body due to gravitational convection

Self-sculpting of a dissolvable body due to gravitational convection

Nemli̇ Ve Zorlanmiş Taşinimli Kapali Haci̇mlerde Yariküresel Buz Sübli̇masyonunun Anali̇ti̇k İncelenmesi̇

A Numerical Model of a Drug Particle Dissolving in a Dissolution Test Apparatus

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