Mass transfer coefficients for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the water surface sampler:

Odabaşı, Mustafa; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Holsen, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00439-8

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Via this approach, v aw for PCBs was calculated to be 0.6 m d –1 for the CARP/TMDL model, similar to other studies. , Despite this good agreement, the generally accepted methods of computing v aw rely on multiple assumptions about the behavior of PCBs relative to the gas tracers used that could lead to systematic errors in the calculated values due to differences between the physical-chemical properties of PCBs and those of the gas tracers. More importantly, only one set of experimentally derived v aw values for PCBs are available to check the values derived from theoretical calculations, and these experimental values are based on the use of a water surface sampler with a surface area of about 0.5 m 2 . − Whether v aw values derived from the water surface sampler are appropriate for use in water quality models to simulate field conditions is an open question. The purpose of this study was to calculate v aw for PCBs under field conditions as a way to check the accuracy of the theoretically derived values used in water quality models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Volatilizing from the Hudson River, New York Measured Using Micrometeorological Approaches

Sandy

Guo

Miskewitz

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study represents the first time that a micrometeorological technique, using turbulent transport measurements, has been used to determine the direction and magnitude of air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted during July 2008 on the Hudson River estuary near the Tappan Zee Bridge, which is the site of some of the most serious PCB contamination in the world. Gas-phase ΣPCB concentrations measured at two heights above the water column averaged 1.1 ng m(-3), and concentrations were usually lower in the upper air sample, indicating net transport of PCBs from the water column to the air. Volatilization PCB fluxes were calculated using the modified Thornthwaite-Holzman equation. Values of friction velocity and atmospheric stability were calculated using the Aerodynamic Gradient and Eddy Correlation techniques. The PCB fluxes were corrected for changes in atmospheric stability using the atmospheric stability factor of water vapor (ϕ(w)) calculated from empirical formulations which ranged from 1.0 to 3.2 (neutral to stable atmospheric boundary layer conditions). Vertical ΣPCB fluxes ranged from +0.5 μg m(-2) d (-1) to +13 μg m(-2) d (-1). Mono- through tri-homologues accounted for about half of ΣPCB fluxes, with tetra- through hexa-homologue accounting for the other half. This work demonstrates the utility of a micrometeorological approach to measuring the air-water exchange of organic contaminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Volatilizing from the Hudson River, New York Measured Using Micrometeorological Approaches

Sandy

Guo

Miskewitz

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Generally, direct particle phase flux measurements were carried out using an aerodynamically designed water surface sampler, which is assumed to capture deposited particles with 100% efficiency . Furthermore, a water surface sampler was successfully used for particle phase flux collections of semivolatile organic compounds including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). − In addition, dechlorination rates differ for each dioxin congener; hence, the congener and isomer distributions observed might differ from actual distribution patterns at the time of collection. Investigation of deposition samples provides information on the status of PCDD/F pollution loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Atmospheric PCDD/F Depositions via Automated and Traditional Water Surface Samplers in Taiwan

Hsien¹,

Kao

Liu³

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are a group of compounds of major environmental concern. Once emitted into the atmosphere, PCDD/Fs undergo photochemical reactions and enter other environmental compartments via wet and dry deposition. In this study, atmospheric PCDD/F depositions were collected via an automated PCDD/F deposition sampler and traditional cylindrical vessels, respectively, in northern, central, and southern Taiwan from 2008 to 2010. The automated PCDD/F precipitation sampler used in this study can prevent both resuspension and photodegradation of the PCDD/Fs collected and also effectively separates the PCDD/F samples into dry and wet contributions. The results indicate that the average atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations collected by the high-volume sampling trains were 13.6 ± 10 (n = 10), 15.6 ± 5.2 (n = 7), and 10.9 ± 6.3 (n = 6) fg I-TEQ/m(3) in northern, central, and southern Taiwan, respectively. In addition, the results also indicate that the PCDD/F deposition flux collected with an automated PCDD/F sampler (1.84 ± 0.90-8.68 ± 5.1 pg I-TEQ/m(2)/day, n = 23) is significantly higher than that sampled with cylindrical vessels (1.11 ± 0.69-5.64 ± 5.2 pg I-TEQ/m(2)/day, n = 23). Based on the Mann-Whitney statistical analysis, the p value (0.037) of PCDD/F deposition flux between those two samplers measurement is lower than 0.05. The difference is attributed to the fact that part of the PCDD/F depositions collected by traditional cylindrical vessels is photodegraded and revolatilized. In addition, the wet deposition flux of PCDD/Fs (3.66 to 470 pg I-TEQ/m(2)/rainy day, n = 23) observed in Taiwan is significantly higher than the dry deposition flux (0.38 to 4.55 pg I-TEQ/m(2)/sunny day, n = 23). The results demonstrate that the wet deposition is the major PCDD/F removal mechanism in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the overall PCDD/Fs deposition velocity and scavenging (rainout) coefficient in Taiwan are calculated as 0.20 ± 0.07 cm/s and 6.5 ± 0.2 × 10(4), respectively.

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“…The use of various types of surrogate surfaces is one approach that has been used to directly measure dry deposition. Recently, the water surface sampler (WSS) in conjunction with dry deposition plates has been successfully used to directly measure particle dry deposition and air-water exchange of organic and inorganic air pollutants found in particulate and gas phases (Tasdemir et al 2004(Tasdemir et al , 2005Odabasi et al 1999Odabasi et al , 2001Odabasi and Bagiroz 2002;Shahin et al 1999;Yi et al 1997;Yi and Cindoruk 2007). A water surface sampler (WSS) was developed in order to minimize disadvantages caused by greased surfaces Odabasi et al 1999;Tasdemir et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry deposition study by using dry deposition plate and water surface sampler in Shalu, central Taiwan

Chu

Fang

Chen

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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This study presents the chemical composition of dry deposition by using dry deposition plate and water surfaces sampler during daytime and nighttime sampling periods at a near highway traffic sampling site. In addition, the characterization for mass and water soluble species of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM2.5 and PM10 were also studied at this sampling site during August 22 to October 31 of 2006 around central Taiwan. The samples collected were analyzed by using Ion Chromatography (DIONEX 100) for the ionic species analysis. Results of the particulate dry deposition fluxes are higher in the water surfaces sampler than that of the dry deposition plate. In other words, the results also indicated that water surface can absorb more ambient dry deposition inorganic pollutants than that of dry deposition plate in this study. The results obtained in this study indicated that the ionic species of Cl(-), NO3(-) and SO4(2-) occupied about average 60-70% downward flux out of total ionic species for either dry deposition plate or water surfaces sampler during August to October of 2006 at this near highway traffic sampling site.

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Mass transfer coefficients for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the water surface sampler:

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Volatilizing from the Hudson River, New York Measured Using Micrometeorological Approaches

Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Volatilizing from the Hudson River, New York Measured Using Micrometeorological Approaches

Evaluation of Atmospheric PCDD/F Depositions via Automated and Traditional Water Surface Samplers in Taiwan

Dry deposition study by using dry deposition plate and water surface sampler in Shalu, central Taiwan

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