Mass transfer characteristics, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anammox granules: The roles of upflow velocity and temperature

Shi, Zhi-Jian; Guo, Qiong; Xu, Yang; Wu, Dan; Liao, Si-Mo; Zhang, Fuyue; Zhang, Zheng-Zhe; Jin, Ren‐Cun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.120

Cited by 40 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Most of the literature explores the growth environment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and total nitrogen removal efficiency but the influence of reactor operating conditions (such as up-flow rate) on the treatment efficiency and sludge growth property of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is rarely discussed. However, the operating conditions of the biological reactor could affect the treatment efficiency and sludge characteristics of the reactor, such as mass transfer characteristics and rheological behavior, are important influencing factors [5][6][7]. Current reactors for anaerobic ammonia oxidation procedures adopt the up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) proposed by Lettinga et al in the 1980s [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Up-Flow Rate on the Nitrogen Treatment Efficiency and Sludge Characteristics of ANAMMOX Process with Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor

Tsai¹,

Chen

2022

Sustainability

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Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology is a novel biological nitrogen removal technology with potential applications for the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater treatment prospects. Most of the literature explores the growth environment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and total nitrogen removal efficiency but the influence of reactor operating conditions (such as up-flow rate) on the treatment efficiency and sludge growth property of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is rarely discussed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of up-flow rate on the treatment efficiency and sludge property of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment procedure adopting up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) as a reactor. The results show that up-flow rate has a significant effect on sludge concentration and sludge growth rate. The highest sludge concentration and maximum sludge growth rate could be obtained at the up-flow rate of 3.21 m/h. According to the analysis results of the sludge concentration, we speculate that when the flow rate was lower than 3.21 m/h, the sludge particles did not easily collide with each other to produce a larger sludge floc. On the contrary, when the up-flow rate was higher than 3.21 m/h, the larger sludge floc could be decomposed by the shear force. The sludge concentration was reduced by these two reasons. On the other hand, the average total nitrogen volume removal rates in test runs 1 through to 4 were 0.18 g-N/m3/d, 0.19 g-N/m3/d, 0.20 g-N/m3/d and 0.20 g-N/m3/d at up-flow rates from 1.95 m/h to 3.70 m/h, respectively. Therefore, the treatment efficiency was not affected by the up-flow rate in these operating conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Up-Flow Rate on the Nitrogen Treatment Efficiency and Sludge Characteristics of ANAMMOX Process with Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor

Tsai¹,

Chen

2022

Sustainability

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“…Additionally, efficient retention of anammox biomass at a high flow rate is one of the main challenges to achieving practically useful volumetric loading rates in mainstream treatment. In addition to biofilm formation, biomass granulation is considered one of the best approaches to increase bacterial quantity and retention, which would offset the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria at low temperature. − However, it is still an open question whether sidestream anammox granules would maintain satisfactory activity (or stability) at low temperatures (≤15 °C) and whether the required effluent quality of mainstream treatment could be achieved. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anammox Granules Acclimatized to Mainstream Conditions Can Achieve a Volumetric Nitrogen Removal Rate Comparable to Sidestream Systems

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The implementation of mainstream anammox has gained increasing attention. In this study, the feasibility of using sidestream anammox granules to start up mainstream reactors was investigated by comparing two switching strategies. A maximum nitrogen removal potential of 3.6 ± 0.2 kg N m −3 d −1 was obtained for the reactor after direct switching to mainstream conditions (70 mg TN L −1 , 15 °C). Nevertheless, the reactor preacclimatized to 25 °C (Ma) exhibited a higher nitrogen removal potential of 7.0 ± 0.3 kg N m −3 d −1 at 15 °C, which is the highest volumetric nitrogen removal rate of mainstream anammox reactors to date. Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was identified as the dominant anammox bacterium, and its relative abundance in two reactors remained stable throughout the whole operation (200 days). Moreover, with the aid of acclimatization, the activation energy was reduced and the specific growth rate became higher. These results indicated that the physiological evolution of the dominant anammox bacterium instead of interspecies selection was the main reason for the high potential during the switch to mainstream conditions. Therefore, using sidestream anammox granules as seed sludge to start up mainstream reactors was demonstrated to be feasible, and a switching strategy of acclimatization at 25 °C was recommended.

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“…A lab-scale experiment will have different results in a pilot scale when compared with a full-scale bio-reactor due to changes in mass transfer condition. The mass transfer condition of the granule is one of the most important factors for stable performance of the reactor [20]. The challenge is that mass transfer phenomena of anaerobic granules is not fully understood because the bio-reactor is fully covered for heat insulation; thus, a reactor is a "black box" and cannot be studied with the naked eye [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important factor is the variable size of granules inside the reactor where the granules' morphologies are different from each other. Shi et al [20] reported that the size of the anaerobic granule has an impact on mass transfer; therefore, such difference in morphology leads to dissimilar reactor performance. Other factors such as size of anaerobic granule, inhibitory metal concentration, microbial consortium, pore size, structure, and fluid dynamic environment, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the influx of substrate and/or out flux of products may become the rate-determining step. Mass transfer limitations are particularly important at low substrate concentrations [20]. The cumulative impact of morphology, microbiology, and operational parameters actually affects the mass transfer condition inside the reactor, which hinders or accelerates the biogas production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogas Production and Fundamental Mass Transfer Mechanism in Anaerobic Granular Sludge

Afridi

Younas

2019

Sustainability

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Anaerobic granules are responsible for organic degradation and biogas production in a reactor. The biogas production is entirely dependent on a mass transfer mechanism, but so far, the fundamental understanding remains poor due to the covered surface of the reactor. The study aimed at investigating the fundamental mass transfer characteristics of single anaerobic granules of different sizes using microscopic imaging and analytical monitoring under single and different organic loadings. The experiment was conducted in a micro reactor and mass transfer was calculated using modified Fick’s law. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe biogas production zones in the granule, and a lab-scale microscope equipped with a camera revealed the biogas bubble detachment process in the micro reactor for the first time. In this experiment, the granule size was 1.32, 1.47, and 1.75 mm, but 1.75 mm granules were chosen for further investigation due to their large size. The results revealed that biogas production rates for 1.75 mm granules at initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 586, 1700, and 6700 mg/L were 0.0108, 0.0236, and 0.1007 m3/kg COD, respectively; whereas the mass transfer rates were calculated as 1.83 × 10−12, 5.30 × 10−12, and 2.08 × 10−11 mg/s. It was concluded that higher organic loading and large granules enhance the mass transfer inside the reactor. Thus, large granules should be preferred in the granule-based reactor to enhance biogas production.

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Mass transfer characteristics, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anammox granules: The roles of upflow velocity and temperature

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

The Effect of Up-Flow Rate on the Nitrogen Treatment Efficiency and Sludge Characteristics of ANAMMOX Process with Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor

The Effect of Up-Flow Rate on the Nitrogen Treatment Efficiency and Sludge Characteristics of ANAMMOX Process with Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor

Anammox Granules Acclimatized to Mainstream Conditions Can Achieve a Volumetric Nitrogen Removal Rate Comparable to Sidestream Systems

Biogas Production and Fundamental Mass Transfer Mechanism in Anaerobic Granular Sludge

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