“…Advances in microfluidics-related technologies have facilitated the widespread use of microfluidic platforms in various fields, including biology, chemistry, and medicine, owing to their numerous advantages (e.g., low sample consumption, rapid mass transport, massive parallelization, automation, and portability). − For robust microfluidic system operation, the microfluidic environment should be carefully controlled to prevent the entrapment of air bubbles within the channel. Bubbles in microchannels result in flow instability, causing device malfunction or poor performance. − For example, it can deteriorate cell viability owing to increased shear stress. Moreover, bubbles can partially or completely block microchannels and induce unequal and unexpected flow patterns, making the utilization of laminar flow characteristics challenging.…”