Mass spectrometry of fatty aldehydes

Abstract

Fatty aldehydes are important components of the cellular lipidome. Significant interest has been developed towards the analysis of the short chain α,β-unsaturated and hydroxylated aldehydes formed as a result of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Multiple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and subsequently liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approaches have been developed to identify and quantify short-chain as well as long-chain fatty aldehydes. Due to the ability to non-enzymaticaly form Schiff bases with amino groups of proteins, lipids, and with DNA guanidine, free aldehydes are viewed as a marker or metric of fatty acid oxidation and not the part of intracellular signaling pathways which has significantly limited the overall attention this group of molecules have received. This review provides an overview of current GC/MS and LC/MS approaches of fatty aldehyde analysis as well as discusses technical challenges standing in the way of free fatty aldehyde quantitation.

Rapid nanoscale quantitative analysis of plant sphingolipid long-chain bases by GC-MS

“…With respect to previous works where LCB were derivatized with O-phthaldialdehyde before being quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector [17,30], our method appears to display a broader dynamic range and the combination of both retention and mass spectra data provides safe structure assignments of aldehydes. If required, a lower LOQ could be reached via chemical derivatization and selected ion monitoring [31].…”

Charged tag founded in N-(1-chloroalkyl)pyridinium quaternization for quantification of fatty aldehydes

“…At the same time fatty aldehydes have no evident toxicity. They are found in biological systems as building blocks of plasmalogens, phosphatidylethanolamines, alkylglycerols, and other ether lipids [12]. Free fatty aldehydes are produced in multiple metabolic pathways such as microsomal oxidation of fatty alcohols [13], degradation of plasmalogens [14] or prenylated proteins, and peroxisomal α-oxidation of fatty acids.…”

Synthesis of customized petroleum-replica fuel molecules by targeted modification of free fatty acid pools in Escherichia coli

“…Pellets were sonicated for 2 h at 40°C in 1 mL methanol containing 5 mM semicarbazide hydrochloride and 5% formic acid. Separation and identification of semicarbazide aldehyde derivatives was performed as described (45), using an Agilent 6410 Series triple quadrupole mass spectrometer interfaced with an Agilent 1200 Series liquid chromatograph. Two multiple reaction monitoring transitions were monitored for each of 11 different aldehydes (chain length from C8 to C18).…”