Mass Spectrometry in Solar System Exploration

Johnson, P. V.; Kanik, I.

doi:10.1002/9781118180730.ch17

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…One of the most commonly used techniques for organic detection is GC (for a summary of instruments and validation data, see Poinot and Geffroy-Rodier, 2015). Table 1 summarizes GC-onboard space missions (Akapo et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 2012;Szopa et al, 2017). The first successful planetary lander mission equipped with GC involved the twin Viking landers that landed on Mars in 1976 (Rushneck et al, 1978).…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huygens detected evaporated methane, ethane, acetylene, cyanogen, and carbon dioxide at the surface of Titan (Niemann et al, 2010). Philae detected several alcohols, (Akapo et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 2012;Szopa et al, 2017). The references are not a complete compilation and should be considered a starting point.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development for space applications over the last few decades has focused on minimizing power and mass while improving the mass resolution (m/Δm, Δm being at full width at half maximum, FWHM) of these instruments. These developments with emphasis on space applications have been extensively reviewed and covered by others (Palmer and Limero, 2001;Johnson et al, 2012;Snyder et al, 2016;Ren et al, 2018;Arevalo et al, 2020;Chou et al, 2021). The mass analyzer and the detector (often referred to as the back-end) function relatively independently of the front-end, which may involve a GC or a laser desorption and ionization (LDI) instrument.…”

Section: Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ organic biosignature detection techniques for space applications

Abrahamsson

Kanik

2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The search for life in Solar System bodies such as Mars and Ocean Worlds (e.g., Europa and Enceladus) is an ongoing and high-priority endeavor in space science, even ∼ five decades after the first life detection mission at Mars performed by the twin Viking landers. However, the in situ detection of biosignatures remains highly challenging, both scientifically and technically. New instruments are being developed for detecting extinct or extant life on Mars and Ocean Worlds due to new technology and fabrication techniques. These instruments are becoming increasingly capable of both detecting and identifying in situ organic biosignatures that are indicative of life and will play a pivotal role in the search for evidence of life through robotic lander missions. This review article gives an overview of techniques used for space missions (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and spectroscopy), the further ongoing developments of these techniques, and ion mobility spectrometry. In addition, current developments of techniques used in the next-generation instruments for organic biosignature detection are reviewed; these include capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, biosensors (primarily immunoassays), and nanopore sensing; whereas microscopy, biological assays, and isotope analysis are beyond the scope of this paper and are not covered.

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Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ organic biosignature detection techniques for space applications

Abrahamsson

Kanik

2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…The use of mass spectrometers in space has been documented by Palmer & Limero (2001), Mahaffy (1999), and Johnson, Beegle, & Kanik (2012). A recent article by Ren et al (2018) organized a practical review of miniature space mass spectrometers primarily by analyzer type, for example, quadrupoles, magnetic sectors, ion traps, and time-of-flights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Mass Spectrometers for Applications in Space

Vazquez

Vuppala

Ayodeji

et al. 2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Mass spectrometry (MS) has played a remarkable role in exploring the chemical make‐up of our solar system. In situ probes were historically developed to analyze inorganic/elemental compositions while leveraging native ions or harsh ionization methods to aid in exploring astrophysics applications (e.g., heliophysics). The part played by MS is demonstrated in a majority of scientific payloads focused on exploration, particularly at the turn of the century with missions including Cassini‐Huygens, Rosetta, and now Mars Science Laboratory. Plasma mass spectrometers have grown more sophisticated to interrogate fundamental inorganic analysis (e.g., solar wind and magnetospheres) including both native ions and neutrals. Cosmic dust floating in‐between and orbiting planetary bodies has been targeted by unique sampling via impact ionization. More complex systems rely on landed planetary instrumentation with lessons learned from pioneering missions in the 1970s and 1980s to near neighbors Mars and Venus. Modern probes have expanded applicable target chemicals by recognizing the needs to provide for molecular analyses, extended mass range, and high resolution to provide unequivocal detection and identification. Notably, as the field surrounding astrobiology has gained momentum, so has the in situ detection of complex molecular chemistry including the chemical evolution of organic molecules. Mission context often includes long term timelines from spacecraft launch to arrival and additionally the diverse target environments across various planets. Therefore, customized experimental designs for space MS have been born of necessity. To this point, the development of MS instrumentation on Earth has now far outpaced development for experiments in space. Therefore, exciting developments lie ahead among various international space agencies conducting current and future mission planning with increasingly enhanced instrumentation. For instance, near‐neighbor Mars has entertained considerable attention with complex MS instrumentation with laser desorption ionization aboard the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer instrument. To study comets, the Rosetta mission employs a secondary ionization mechanism. Meanwhile, the various moons of Jupiter and Saturn have intriguing surface and subsurface properties that warrant more advanced analyzer systems. Instrumentation design will continue to evolve as requirements develop and this review serves as a reflection of the contribution of in situ MS to space exploration in the past 20 years and the anticipated contribution yet to come. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev

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“…Mass spectrometers (MS) have been employed on a number of space missions to measure the atomic, molecular, and william.b.brinckerhoff@nasa.gov isotopic composition of remote planetary environments (1). Such studies have informed our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system, the origin of life on Earth, and the potential for life elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem mass spectrometry on a miniaturized laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Cornish²,

Ecelberger³

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a powerful and widely-used technique for identifying the molecular structure of organic constituents of a complex sample. Application of MS/MS to the study of unknown planetary samples on a remote space mission would contribute to our understanding of the origin, evolution, and distribution of extraterrestrial organics in our solar system. Here we report on the realization of MS/MS on a miniaturized laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LD-TOF-MS), which is one of the most promising instrument types for future planetary missions. This achievement relies on two critical components: a curved-field reflectron and a pulsedpin ion gate. These enable use of the complementary post-source decay (PSD) and laser-assisted collision induced dissociation (L-CID) MS/MS methods on diverse measurement targets with only modest investment in instrument resources such as volume and weight. MS/MS spectra of selected molecular targets in various organic standards exhibit excellent agreement when compared with results from a commercial, laboratory-scale TOF instrument, demonstrating the potential of this powerful technique in space and planetary environments. Index Termslaser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LD-TOF-MS), laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), post-source decay (PSD), laser-assisted collision induced dissociation (L-CID)

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Mass Spectrometry in Solar System Exploration

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

In situ organic biosignature detection techniques for space applications

In situ organic biosignature detection techniques for space applications

In Situ Mass Spectrometers for Applications in Space

Tandem mass spectrometry on a miniaturized laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer

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