Mass spectrometry for evolved gas analysis: An update

Risoluti, Roberta; Materazzi, Stefano

doi:10.1080/05704928.2018.1452252

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 334 publications

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“…EGA involves detecting the gas evolved when a sample is heated, for example in a TG instrument, providing additional structural information [137]. Methods of detection include by FTIR (EGA-FTIR) or mass spectrometry (EGA-MS; [112]).…”

Section: Evolved Gas Analysis (Ega)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice

High

Penkman

2020

Herit Sci

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Waterlogged archaeological wood can present management challenges due to its vulnerability to chemical and biological decay, both during burial and post-excavation. Decay processes also often leave it severely weakened and therefore susceptible to mechanical damage. Quantifying preservation and understanding active decay mechanisms is therefore critical in informing the management of this unique cultural resource. It is critical that assessments of preservation are robust, and sensitive enough to allow changes over time to be detected. A wide range of analytical methods can be applied to assess the state of preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, and determining which of these is most appropriate to the circumstances can be challenging. This review summarises some of the most commonly reported methods suitable for the analysis of waterlogged archaeological wood, ranging from widely used 'low-tech' methods, to assessment using advanced analytical instrumentation. Methods are evaluated in terms of the information gained weighed up against their cost, logistical considerations, and time investments, with the aim of supporting the development of an analytical strategy. We conclude that although an analytical strategy must be informed by the aims of assessment as well as any external restrictions, the best available analytical techniques should be employed in order to supply an accurate baseline against which future change can be measured. Critically, a multi-analytical approach is vital in obtaining a clear picture of the present state of decay, as no single technique gives the best assessment.

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Section: Evolved Gas Analysis (Ega)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice

High

Penkman

2020

Herit Sci

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“…To identify and quantify gas byproducts, TG should be combined with the so-called evolved gas analysis (EGA). Relevant techniques include TG-FTIR, TG-MS, and TG-GC-MS [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Residual Solvent and Drug in PLGA Microspheres by Derivative Thermogravimetry

Shim

Sah

2020

Pharmaceutics

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Thermogravimetry does not give specific information on residual organic solvents in polymeric matrices unless it is hyphenated with the so-called evolved gas analysis. The purpose of this study was to apply, for the first time, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) to characterize a residual solvent and a drug in poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres. Ethyl formate, an ICH class 3 solvent, was used to encapsulate progesterone into microspheres. DTG provided a distinct peak, displaying the onset and end temperatures at which ethyl formate started to evolve from to where it completely escaped out of the microspheres. DTG also gave the area and height of the solvent peak, as well as the temperature of the highest mass change rate of the microspheres. These derivative parameters allowed for the measurement of the amount of residual ethyl formate in the microspheres. Interestingly, progesterone affected not only the residual solvent amount but also these derivative parameters. Another intriguing finding was that there was a linear relationship between progesterone content and the peak height of ethyl formate. The residual solvent data calculated by DTG were quite comparable to those measured by gas chromatography. In summary, DTG could be an efficient and practical quality control tool to evaluate residual solvents and drugs in various polymeric matrices.

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“…Routinely, nitrogen is used as an inert gas atmosphere during pyrolysis experiments, but also air or oxygen is used to determine the carbonaceous residue. For further information, the reader is directed to excellent reviews on thermal analysis and thermal analysis mass spectrometry. − …”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first reviews on evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA–MS) was published almost 40 years ago in 1984 by Holdiness, already exhaustively describing on over 40 figures and almost 40 pages the current advances in evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry . Since the late 1990s, the group of Materazzi et al is frequently reviewing the publication landscape of evolved gas analysis with no particular focus toward an applicative area or ionization technique. − Benhammada et al reviewed thermogravimetric coupling for the specific application toward the decomposition of energetic materials . Pyr–GCMS is almost exclusively conducted with hard electron ionization and will not be reviewed extensively within this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Evolved Gas Analysis Mass Spectrometry with Soft Photoionization for the Chemical Description of Petroleum, Petroleum-Derived Materials, and Alternative Feedstocks

et al. 2021

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Modern industry strongly relies on the molecular analysis of fossil petroleum and petroleum-derived materials. In the context of a circular economy and carbon neutrality, the chemical description of alternative feedstock materials, such as waste plastic and biomass pyrolysis oils, increases in importance. Moreover, online monitoring of the thermochemical and catalytic conversion processes has gained rising attention. In this framework, evolved gas analysis (EGA) concepts with soft photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) were successfully deployed for numerous challenges. On the one hand, photoionization is a highly versatile technique and allows for “soft” ionization of the analyte molecule, preserving the molecular information. On the other hand, multiple evolved gas analysis concepts exist with unique benefits, such as the mass loss information in thermogravimetry coupling, high-throughput in direct inlet probe concepts, or straightforward reactor monitoring, allowing for direct online insights into pyrolytic transformation processes. Hence, this review aims to summarize the recent work in the field of EGA–PIMS. After technical description of the multiple photoionization and thermal analysis concepts, applied studies are summarized, discussed, and evaluated. Besides fossil fuels, studies on alternatives from renewable materials, such as biomass pyrolysis, plastic pyrolysis oils, and recycling processes, are reviewed. Finally, future perspectives on this field are given, highlighting the importance of those soft ionization schemes together with state-of-the-art detection by high-resolution mass spectrometry in the field of energy and fuels research.

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Mass spectrometry for evolved gas analysis: An update

Cited by 17 publications

References 334 publications

A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice

A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice

Assessment of Residual Solvent and Drug in PLGA Microspheres by Derivative Thermogravimetry

Review on Evolved Gas Analysis Mass Spectrometry with Soft Photoionization for the Chemical Description of Petroleum, Petroleum-Derived Materials, and Alternative Feedstocks

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