Mass spectrometry based high-throughput bioanalysis of low molecular weight compounds: are we ready to support personalized medicine?

Abstract

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the gold standard in bioanalysis for the development of quantitative assays to support drug development or therapeutic drug monitoring. High-throughput and low-cost gene sequencing have enabled a paradigm shift from one treatment fits all to personalized medicine (PM). However, gene monitoring provides only partial information about the health state. The full picture requires the combination of gene monitoring with the screening of exogenous compounds, metabolites, lipids, and proteins. This critical review discusses how mass spectrometry–based technologies and approaches including separation sciences, ambient ionization, and ion mobility are/could be used to support high-throughput bioanalysis of endogenous end exogenous low molecular weight compounds. It includes also various biological sample types (from blood to expired air), and various sample preparation techniques. Graphical abstract

Evaluation of Different Patterns of Drug Consumption in the Ranking of Race Horses in National Racing of Iran: A Retrospective Study 2002-2015

“…The Racing Commissioners International (RCI) has classified determined dope drugs. The drug classification method is based on pharmacology, drug usage trends, and a substance's suitability for use in racing horses 15,16 . The following broad parameters are used to determine categorization.…”

Trypsin Encapsulation in the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Low-Molecular Weight Protein Analysis with High Selectivity and Efficiency

“…Try-PAA@ZIF-L (1.0 mg) and equivalent free trypsin were reacted with a BAEE solution (50 mM HEPES, 1.0 mL) at 400 rpm. The temperature (20,30,37,40,50,60,70, and 80 °C), pH (6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5), incubation time (5,15,30,45,60,90,120, and 180 min), and substrate concentration (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/mL) were used for singlefactor experiments to obtain the optimal enzymatic conditions. To evaluate stability in organic solvents and urea, Try-PAA@ZIF-L (1.0 mg) was dispersed in 2 mL of DMF and DMSO and 6 M urea, and the mixtures were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. To assess the thermostability, Try-PAA@ZIF-L (1.0 mg) was incubated in 50 mM HEPES (pH 8.0, 1.0 mL) at 60 °C for 1 h. The newly prepared MOF-encapsulated trypsin materials were washed three times with deionized water (1.0 mL), and the supernatants were estimated by fluorescence spectroscopy at 275 nm to evaluate trypsin leaching.…”

“…Therefore, detecting low-abundance LWPs is an extremely arduous and challenging task but very important. To address the first challenge, the separation of LWPs mainly by centrifugal ultrafiltration, 11 organic solvent precipitation, 12 solid-phase extraction, 13 chromatography, 14 and gel electrophoresis 15 prior to enzymatic digestion is subjected to in-depth research and development. While these separation methods can reduce the complexity and dynamic range of biological samples to some extent, the limitations of high cost, cumbersome process, and limited selectivity are still presented.…”

Empowering veterinary clinical diagnosis in industrial poultry production by ambient mass spectrometry and chemiometrics: a new approach for precise poultry farming.

“…In this context, the untargeted metabolomic analysis of human clinical tissues by ambient mass spectrometry provides helpful parallels for animal tissues, especially with regard to the capture of metabolic changes in the initial states of a disease. In human clinical diagnosis, ambient mass spectrometry methods play an important role in early diagnosis ( Ferreira et al, 2016 ), guided therapy selection ( Porcari et al, 2018 ), monitoring of disease progression ( Johno et al, 2018 ), and orientation of personalized therapy ( Bravo-Veyrat & Hopfgartner, 2022 ). Recently, several efforts are being made on the future translation of ambient mass spectrometry methods from bench to bedside ( Woolman et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Dehoog et al, 2023 ; Fiorante et al, 2024 ).…”