Mass spectrometric study of the release of HCl and other volatiles from coals during mild heat treatment

Herod, Alan A.; Hodges, Nikolas J.; Pritchard, Ernest; Smith, Cathryn

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(83)80019-2

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As noted above, the majority of coal-Cl is thought to exist in the form of NaCl hydrate, 3,4,23) and Cl-XANES measurements indicating the presence of NaCl·nH 2 O, CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O and organic hydrochlorides have been reported. 21,22) Thus, assuming that Na and Ca are present in the form of NaCl and CaCl 2 , we investigated the relationship between chlorine distribution and the quantity (Na + 2Ca) in coal.…”

Section: Effects Of Coal and Mineral Compositions On Chlo-mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[3][4][5] According to Herod et al, 3) when 6 types of U.K.-produced coal containing high concentrations of chlorine in the range of 4 000-9 000 μg/g-dry were heated at a rate of 2°C/min to 300°C, then maintained at that temperature for 24 hours, some 40-60% of the chlorine was converted to HCl; this was confirmed via mass analysis. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that HCl and NH 3 are produced in nearly the same temperature region, somewhere in the vicinity of 450°C.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…3,4,23) Thus, to test for the presence of NaCl, we used a Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Chemagnetics) to conduct solid-state 23 Na-NMR measurements of YRB coal. 24) We used the method of single-pulse excitation with magic-angle spinning (SPE-MAS) with a rotation rate of 15 kHz and a 23 Na resonance frequency of 79.4 MHz at 25°C and with the number of iterations in the range of 130 000-170 000.…”

Section: Solid-state Nuclear Magneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fate of the Chlorine in Coal in the Heating Process

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyrolysis of 29 coals with carbon contents of 71-92 mass% on a dry, ash-free basis (daf) has been performed mainly in a temperature-programmed mode at 10°C/min up to 800°C with a flow-type fixed bed quartz reactor, and some factors controlling HCl formation have been examined. The rate profiles of HCl formation exhibit at least three distinct peaks at around 260-360, 470-510 and 580-630°C, and the lowest temperature peak is present for 8 coals alone, whereas the middle and highest temperature peaks are common with almost all of the coals. The HCl profile is also affected by the size of coal particles and the height of coal particles in the fixed bed. Yields of HCl and char-Cl at 800°C for 28 coals except an American bituminous coal are 44-95 and 4-54%, respectively, and tar-Cl is as low as ≤ 7% in all cases. The chlorine distribution is almost independent of the heating rate in the range of 2.5-400°C/min and has no distinct relationship with carbon or chlorine content in coal, but HCl tends to increase with increasing amount of (Na + 2Ca) in coal with a corresponding decrease in char-Cl. When an Indonesian subbituminous coal is injected into an O 2 -blown entrained bed gasifier under pressure, there is an almost 1:1 relationship between carbon and nitrogen conversions, whereas the sulfur and chlorine are enriched in the remaining char, and the degree of the enrichment is higher with chlorine. The method of evaluating coalCl forms quantitatively using model chlorine compounds is proposed.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Coal and Mineral Compositions On Chlo-mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Solid-state Nuclear Magneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fate of the Chlorine in Coal in the Heating Process

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the chlorine in waste plastic is likely to become hydrogen chloride as a result of thermal decomposition, which can lead to the corrosion of the equipment, dechlorination treatment is necessary. Therefore, to investigate the behaviour of chlorine in waste plastics as well as in coal during carbonization [27][28][29][30] is an important subject. In order to tackle this problem, commercial-scale coke oven tests were carried out by adding 1 or 2 mass% of waste plastics containing 2.5-3.2 mass% chlorine to blend coals containing 450 ppm chlorine [31].…”

Section: Influence Of Plastic Addition On Coke Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Waste Plastics in Coke Oven: A Review

Nomura

2015

J. Sustain. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To help in building a recycling-oriented sustainable society, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation developed a waste plastic-recycling process using coke oven and put it into commercial operation in 2000. Now roughly 200,000 tons per year of waste plastics are processed in coke oven in Japan. In this process, the waste plastics collected from households are agglomerated to the sizes ranging from 20 to 30 mm in diameter and charged into coke ovens with coal at the blending ratio of about 1 mass%. Waste plastics are thermally decomposed into approximately 20 mass% coke, 40 mass% hydrocarbon oil (tar and light oil) and 40 mass% coke oven gas, which are utilized as iron ore-reducing agents in blast furnaces, raw materials for the chemical industry, and a fuel for power plants, respectively. Moreover, 92 mass% of the chlorine in waste plastics is released and absorbed by the ammonia liquor spray for cooling hot coke oven gas and converted to ammonium chloride. The waste plastic-recycling process using coke ovens is superior in that a large amount of waste plastics can be treated, useful materials can be recovered using the existing facilities, coke quality can be kept the same and the chlorine released from waste plastics can be fixed in the existing ammonia liquor spray system.

show abstract

“…A first portion of HC1 was carried along with the water, then after an induction period of up to 30 min, a further portion of HC1 evolved from the dry samples. Further components of thermal cracking, identified by mass spectrometry, were $ -CH+, $$ -CH + , C 3 H^, and SOj [29].…”

Section: Volatilization Of Halogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental aspects of trace elements in coal combustion

Sager¹

1999

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mass spectrometric study of the release of HCl and other volatiles from coals during mild heat treatment

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Fate of the Chlorine in Coal in the Heating Process

Fate of the Chlorine in Coal in the Heating Process

Use of Waste Plastics in Coke Oven: A Review

Environmental aspects of trace elements in coal combustion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About