Mass spectrometric study of Ar/NH<sub>3</sub> surface wave plasma utilized for surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles

Ciolan, Mihai Alexandru; Motrescu, Iuliana; Luca, D.; Nagatsu, Masaaki

doi:10.7567/jjap.53.010207

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For all ion components, the distributions are similar and lay within an energy range of 5–7 eV, which roughly corresponds to the plasma potential. Similar ion energy distribution profiles were observed in other microwave plasmas. − These ion energies might be sufficient to produce dangling bonds over the ZnO surface because the bond dissociation energy of Zn–O is about 284.1 kJ/mol (2.95 eV) . The ion species can be accelerated up to 5–7 eV across the plasma sheath and irradiated onto the ZnO surface to change the crystallinity and morphology of the ZnO thin films.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Lastly, we present the results of surface modification with amine groups onto the ZnO thin films by the Ar/NH 3 gas mixture plasmas. To evaluate the amine group functionalization of the plasma-treated ZnO films, we performed the conventional spectrophotometric method using a fluorescent dye, Alexa Fluor 488 NHS ester, that specifically binds the amine groups and emits green fluorescent light (>520 nm) when excited by 494 nm radiation . Two methods were used: a qualitative one where the functionalization was evaluated from the fluorescence intensity and a quantitative one where the density of the amine groups per surface area was evaluated from spectrophotometric measurements.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

et al. 2018

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The surface functionalization of radio frequency magnetron-sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films tailored by low-pressure Ar/NH mixture surface-wave plasmas (SWPs) is discussed based on the results of photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectrophotometric measurements. At an Ar/NH gas mixture ratio of 70%/30%, both the PL intensity of the near-band-edge emission and the XRD intensity of the ZnO(002) reflection peak were enhanced by about 5.5 and 8 times, respectively, compared to the values for the as-grown sample. Furthermore, the XPS and spectrophotometric analyses using the fluorescent dye showed that the amine group functionalization over the surface of the ZnO films reached their maximum values at the same gas ratio. From the results of optical emission spectroscopic and ion mass spectrometric measurements in the Ar/NH mixture SWPs, it is inferred that the nitrogen-containing reactive species, such as NH ( x = 1-4) ions and NH ( y = 1, 2) molecules in addition to H radicals might crucially interact with the defective ZnO surface lattices to repair the ZnO thin films from compressive to strain-free crystallized structures, enhance the PL intensity, and produce the amine group surface functionalization.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

et al. 2018

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“…IR spectroscopy confirmed the bonding of amine groups onto the ZnO NPs surface. Another example of avoiding the use of wet chemical routes for amine functionalization is represented by the work of Ciola et al In this case, the use of low‐temperature microwave‐excited surface wave plasma was successfully proposed for the modification of ZnO particles with amine moieties.…”

Section: Covalent Bonding Of Chemical Groups On Nanostructured Zno Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Engineering of Nanostructured ZnO Surfaces

Laurenti

Stassi

Canavese

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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are oriented in one direction and their assembly and stacking produces the wurtzite hexagonal symmetry. The noncentrosymmetric and anisotropic crystalline structure of wurtzite-like ZnO generates very interesting properties such as piezo-and pyro-electricity: the application of an external stimulus, like mechanical stress or temperature, deforms the tetrahedron structure. This deformation results in a separation between the positive and negative centers of charge, inducing the formation of a dipole moment. [7,8] The polar surface and anisotropic structure of ZnO can be usefully exploited to form different kinds of micro and nanostructures from 0D to 3D, [5] including, but not limited to nanowires, [9][10][11][12] nanotubes, [13,14] nanobelts, [15][16][17][18][19] nanorings, [20] flower-like morphologies, [21][22][23][24][25] multipods, [26,27] tetrapods, [28][29][30] sponge-like structures [31][32][33][34] and so on [29,[35][36][37][38][39] (Figure 1). Therefore, several research efforts have been invested in studying various preparation procedures for ZnO micro and nano-materials. Wet chemical approaches, like sol-gel, hydrothermal growths, electrodeposition and template-assisted routes, [40,41] as well as vapor-phase methods, for example chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) including sputtering and evaporation approaches, [42][43][44] and epitaxial growth methods [45] are among the most used ones. The great advantages of the wet chemical approaches are the high synthesis versatility, low temperature employed and low costs. [9] From the other side, dry methods take advantage of the high quality and excellent control over the level of crystallinity of the synthesized ZnO structures, as well as the absence of contamination and high purity of the final material. [46] The combination of different properties with the ease and high versatile synthesis of ZnO material in different micro and nanostructures offers a huge possibility of potential applications.For example, ZnO is already used as an efficient catalyst in the selective oxidation of involving oxygenates (i.e., alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids) and in methanol synthesis catalysts. It is also largely applied as protective, anti-corrosion layer in galvanized steel products, [49][50][51] as well as in paints and sunscreens as an UV absorber. Its biocompatibility makes this material suitable, in the form of microparticles, for paste formulations in cosmetic applications.The combination of the piezoelectric with the semiconducting properties of ZnO is found to result into new exciting physical properties, [52][53][54] and it has recently opened the research field to energy harvesting application. ZnO nanomaterials can be thus used as nanogenerators, able to convert the mechanical deformation from the surrounding environment into electrical Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures represent promising substrate materials for numerous applications, ranging from new generation solar cells, to bio-and chemical sensors. This interest is due ...

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“…[9][10][11] On the other hand, some works explore zinc oxide functionalization through the plasma technique. [12][13][14][15] Plasma functionalization is an alternative to the traditional chemical methods, with several advantages. First, it is attractive from an environmental perspective since it is a dry, contaminant-free process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13,[16][17][18] Studies in the literature promote the functionalization of ZnO through plasmas using molecular gases. [12][13]15] Ciolan et al [12] discussed the effects of the gas mixture ratio of argon to ammonia during surface amination of ZnO nanoparticles. Argon facilitates the dissociation of ammonia and the production of ionic species, responsible for introducing amine groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

ZnO surface modification with maleic anhydride using plasma treatment

Klok,

Steffen,

Sabedra

et al. 2023

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) was surface treated using argon plasma at 5 and 15 min, using maleic anhydride (MA) in solid state as the functionalizing agent. The samples were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that ZnO surface modification occurs through two main routes: the decomposition of MA and the plasma‐induced formation of C–Zn bonds, with 15 min being the most favorable time span. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ZnO were processed in an internal chamber mixer, which was coupled with a torque rheometer and characterized by the Melt Flow Index. Composites containing treated ZnO present fluidity indices closer to those of pure PLA, indicating the functionalization contribution to control the degradation of the polymer matrix.

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Mass spectrometric study of Ar/NH₃ surface wave plasma utilized for surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

Surface Engineering of Nanostructured ZnO Surfaces

ZnO surface modification with maleic anhydride using plasma treatment

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Mass spectrometric study of Ar/NH3 surface wave plasma utilized for surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH3 Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH3 Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

Surface Engineering of Nanostructured ZnO Surfaces

ZnO surface modification with maleic anhydride using plasma treatment

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Mass spectrometric study of Ar/NH₃ surface wave plasma utilized for surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas

Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Radio Frequency Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films by Ar/NH₃ Gas Mixture Surface-Wave Plasmas