Mass-spectrometric determination of local gas transfer at the body surface

Levshankov, A. I.; Pushkina, M. A.; Slutskaya, M. E.; Uvarov, B. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00560505

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…cit. ), that of Adamczyk et al (1966) on one subject and that of Levshankov et al (1983) on an unspecified number of subjects. The results of the latter two authors are summarised in Figure 9 —Schulze indications were difficult to interpret and were thus not illustrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… CO 2 diffusion rates through human skin at various sites, expressed in cm 3 ·m −2 ·h −1 , based on data from Adamczyk et al (1966) (A) and Levshankov et al (1983) (B) . …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this relative uncertainty decreases when the sample size increases, its reducing rate—as well as the associated uncertainty values—varies wildly depending on the considered data source. Indeed, while a sample size of 20–30 subjects should lead to a relative uncertainty on Q in the 5–10% range using Levshankov et al (1983) data, much larger sample sizes— i.e. 100-150 subjects—would be needed to reach the same level of accuracy using Schulze (1943) or Ernstene and Volk (1932) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…measurements. In the end, since the works of the latter two authors were much older—1932 and 1943, respectively—than that of Eöry (1984) , Levshankov et al (1983) and , respectively—it was decided to put them aside. The sample size determination was thus grounded only on the works of Eöry (1984) , Levshankov et al (1983) , and a sample size of 40 subjects was deemed acceptable, since it should have resulted into a relative uncertainty on Q estimation below 10%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starting with the exhalation rate, the main issue with data available in the literature—see Table 3 —is that the skin temperature is only mentioned once—by Eöry (1984) —and never accurately regulated when this parameter is measured ( Fitzgerald, 1957 ). Even though Levshankov et al (1983) crafted a heating device, they do not report the temperature setpoint that they used. Thus, the present study aims at filling this gap by measuring the influence of skin temperature on the transcutaneous CO 2 exhalation rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin temperature influence on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) conductivity and skin blood flow in healthy human subjects at the arm and wrist

Dervieux,

Guerrero,

Uhring

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: present transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2)—tcpCO2—monitors suffer from limitations which hamper their widespread use, and call for a new tcpCO2 measurement technique. However, the progress in this area is hindered by the lack of knowledge in transcutaneous CO2 diffusion. To address this knowledge gap, this study focuses on investigating the influence of skin temperature on two key skin properties: CO2 permeability and skin blood flow.Methods: a monocentric prospective exploratory study including 40 healthy adults was undertaken. Each subject experienced a 90 min visit split into five 18 min sessions at different skin temperatures—Non-Heated (NH), 35, 38, 41, and 44°C. At each temperature, custom sensors measured transcutaneous CO2 conductivity and exhalation rate at the arm and wrist, while Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) assessed skin blood flow at the arm.Results: the three studied metrics sharply increased with rising skin temperature. Mean values increased from the NH situation up to 44°C from 4.03 up to 8.88 and from 2.94 up to 8.11 m·s−1 for skin conductivity, and from 80.4 up to 177.5 and from 58.7 up to 162.3 cm3·m−2·h−1 for exhalation rate at the arm and wrist, respectively. Likewise, skin blood flow increased elevenfold for the same temperature increase. Of note, all metrics already augmented significantly in the 35–38°C skin temperature range, which may be reached without active heating—i.e. only using a warm clothing.Conclusion: these results are extremely encouraging for the development of next-generation tcpCO2 sensors. Indeed, the moderate increase (× 2) in skin conductivity from NH to 44°C tends to indicate that heating the skin is not critical from a response time point of view, i.e. little to no skin heating would only result in a doubled sensor response time in the worst case, compared to a maximal heating at 44°C. Crucially, a skin temperature within the 35–38°C range already sharply increases the skin blood flow, suggesting that tcpCO2 correlates well with the arterial paCO2 even at such low skin temperatures. These two conclusions further strengthen the viability of non-heated tcpCO2 sensors, thereby paving the way for the development of wearable transcutaneous capnometers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… CO 2 diffusion rates through human skin at various sites, expressed in cm 3 ·m −2 ·h −1 , based on data from Adamczyk et al (1966) (A) and Levshankov et al (1983) (B) . …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Skin temperature influence on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) conductivity and skin blood flow in healthy human subjects at the arm and wrist

Dervieux,

Guerrero,

Uhring

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Mass-spectrometric determination of local gas transfer at the body surface

Cited by 1 publication

References 6 publications

Skin temperature influence on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) conductivity and skin blood flow in healthy human subjects at the arm and wrist

Skin temperature influence on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) conductivity and skin blood flow in healthy human subjects at the arm and wrist

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