Mass spectrometric determination of lanthanum in nuclear fuels

Elliot, N. L.; Green, Lawrence W.; Recoskie, B. M.; Cassidy, R. M.

doi:10.1021/ac00297a044

Anal. Chem.

1986

DOI: 10.1021/ac00297a044

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Mass spectrometric determination of lanthanum in nuclear fuels

N. L. Elliot¹,

Lawrence W. Green²,

B. M. Recoskie³

et al.

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Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Often, post-treatment analysis via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used successfully to identify the composition of electrochemically deposited films 6,7 or quantify the amount of material sequestered by the electrochemical method.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5 In addition, the surface pH of deposited La films needs to be characterized in order for us to understand the deposition mechanism. Often, post-treatment analysis via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used successfully to identify the composition of electrochemically deposited films 6,7 or quantify the amount of material sequestered by the electrochemical method. 2 However, transient processes such as the formation of pH gradients near an electrode surface during deposition limit the usefulness of post-treatment analysis.…”

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EQCM and Surface pH Studies on Lanthanum Accumulation on Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

Babauta

Medina

Beyenal

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lanthanum can be detected using cathodic deposition followed by anodic stripping. The deposition process controls the detection limit. In this work, lanthanum deposition was characterized using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eQCM), and surface pH near the electrode surface was quantified using microelectrodes. The eQCM was used to correlate the lanthanum mass deposited on the electrode to the applied potential. Two different lanthanum responses were identified based on pH control. In the absence of pH control, the lanthanum film remained on the electrode surface until a large anodic potential was applied (1.8 V Ag/AgCl or greater). In the presence of pH control, the lanthanum film was stripped off immediately after the applied potential was greater than −2.0 V Ag/AgCl . When we measured surface pH near the electrode surface using needle-type microelectrodes, it was found that the pH near the surface increased from 4 to above the detection limit (>10), which indicated that the surface pH was responsible for the two different observed lanthanum responses despite the bulk pH being the same. This is the first study to use eQCM and needle-type microelectrodes to correlate lanthanum deposition with surface pH rather than bulk pH. The concentrations of lanthanum and other lanthanides are typically measured by depositing them as amalgams with mercury 1 or, more recently, mercury films 2 , followed by stripping. As early as 1915 3 , mercury pools were used as cathodes that replaced platinum and copper electrodes for the electrolysis of rare earth elements. The reason for this was the fouling of the cathode with insoluble hydroxides, in which the pH at the cathode surface was thought to play a critical role. Recently, similar concerns were raised for lanthanide deposition on mercury-filmed microelectrodes. 4 The authors claimed that pH was responsible for the stability of La deposition. The effect of pH is a consequence of electrolysis or electrochemistry in aqueous solution. Considering the generation of high currents (mA/cm 2 level) on small electrodes during metal deposition, it is expected that pH changes significantly near the electrode surface. Researchers generally control bulk pH, but the pH on an electrode surface has not previously been quantified because the technology for doing this was not available until the present day. Interest in lanthanides stems primarily from electroanalysis and the need for rapid methods of detection 2 and their chemical similarity to the actinides. 5In addition, the surface pH of deposited La films needs to be characterized in order for us to understand the deposition mechanism. Often, post-treatment analysis via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used successfully to identify the composition of electrochemically deposited films 6,7 or quantify the amount of material sequestered by the electrochemical method.2 However, transient processes such as the formation of pH gradients near an electrode surface during deposition limit the usefulness of post-treatm...

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EQCM and Surface pH Studies on Lanthanum Accumulation on Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

Babauta

Medina

Beyenal

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anion exchange separation of the light lanthanoids with nitric acid-methyl alcohol mixed media at elevated temperature

Usuda¹,

Magara²

1987

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters

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Determination of trace elements in zirconium base alloy by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Luo

Chang

1990

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Mass spectrometric determination of lanthanum in nuclear fuels

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

EQCM and Surface pH Studies on Lanthanum Accumulation on Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

EQCM and Surface pH Studies on Lanthanum Accumulation on Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

Anion exchange separation of the light lanthanoids with nitric acid-methyl alcohol mixed media at elevated temperature

Determination of trace elements in zirconium base alloy by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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