Mass spectrometric determination of dissociation energies of molecules Bi2, Bi3, Bi4 and BiPb

Rovner, L.H.; Drowart, A.; Drowart, Jean

doi:10.1039/tf9676302906

Cited by 43 publications

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“…32͒ plus three-fourths the ⌬ a H 0 o (Bi 4 ,g), 16 the value obtained as 630.0 kJ mol Ϫ1 is larger than the experimental ⌬ a H 0 o (SnBi 3 ,g). This means a somewhat lower stability than that expected for SnBi 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Meloni

Gingerich

2002

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Articles you may be interested inResponse to "Comment on 'Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBi n ( n =1-3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry'" [The equilibria involving the gaseous species SnBi, SnBi 2 , and SnBi 3 above the condensed system Bi-Sn contained in a graphite cell have been investigated by the Knudsen effusion technique combined with mass spectrometry. Third law enthalpies for the reactions SnBi n (g)ϭSn(cond) ϩnBi(g), nϭ1 -3, were evaluated. By combining the experimental reaction enthalpies with the appropriate thermodynamic data taken from literature, the following atomization energies, ⌬ a H 0 o , and enthalpies of formation, ⌬ f H 298.15 o , in kJ mol Ϫ1 , have been derived: SnBi, 191.1Ϯ12.0 and 317.5Ϯ12.0; SnBi 2 , 415.2Ϯ15.0 and 303.0Ϯ15.0; SnBi 3 , 603.4Ϯ18.0 and 323.0Ϯ18.0.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Indications for fragmentation were evident from the ionization efficiency curve of Bi ϩ . Rovner et al 16 also observed a contribution of fragment ions to the measured intensities of Bi ϩ during the evaporation of pure bismuth and of a 1:1 Bi-Pb alloy. They reported a 35% fragmentation contribution to Bi ϩ intensity.…”

Section: Mass Spectrometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Meloni

Gingerich

2002

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…These authors could not determine whether Bi3 was a parent ion or the product of a fragmentation process. Rovner, Drowart, and Drowart (1967) also studied bismuth vapor using mass spectrometry, and confirmed the presence of Bi3. They reported values for the heats of sublimation and atomization of Bi3 and B&, as well as partial pressures of these species.…”

Section: Bismuth Vapormentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Voronin (1966) was the first to propose the species B&. Rovner, Drowart, and Drowart (1967) also studied bismuth vapor using mass spectrometry, and confirmed the presence of Bi3. However, his analysis was discounted by Kohl, Uy, and Carlson (1967), Kohl and coworkers studied pure bismuth using a mass spectrometer in conjunction with a Knudsen effusion cell.…”

Section: Bismuth Vapormentioning

confidence: 95%

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Review of the Bi and Bi‐O vapor systems

Marschman

Lynch

1984

Can J Chem Eng

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The Bi-0 vapor system was investigated by evaluating thermodynamic data from several sources, Standard Gibbs energy equations for the formation of gaseous Bi, Biz, Bi3, Bi4. BiO, Bi,O, BizOz, BizO,, Bi30,, and Bi40h are developed for the tempratrure range of 544.59 K to 1600 K. The thermodynamic data are used to evaluate the partial pressures of the noted species in both the Bi and Bi-0 systems. The results are plotted in several forms and reveal that bismuth oxides readily decompose at temperatures typical of pyrometallurgical operations. On a Ctudie le systeme Bi-0 vapeur en Cvaluant des donnees thermodynamiques a partir de diverses sources. On a Ctabli, pour la gamme de temperatures comprises entre 544,59 K et 1600 K, les Cquations d'energies de Gibbs standards de formation, a I'Ctat gazeux, de Bi, Biz, Bi,, B&, BiO, BLO, BizOz, BizO,, Bi3O4 et B&06. On a utilise les donnees thermodynamiques pour Cvaluer les pressions partielles des especes indiquies pour les deux systkmes Bi et Bi-0. On a reprksentk les resultats sous plusieurs formes graphiques; ils revklent que les oxydes de bismuth se dkcomposent facilement a des tempkratures typiques des opkrations pyromCtallurgiques.here is a considerable amount of data on the vapor

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Atomization Enthalpies of the Molecules Cu₃, Ag₃, and Au₃

Hilpert¹,

Gingerich

1980

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

120

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The gaseous species in equilibrium with Cu(l), Ag(l), and Au(l) were investigated by vaporization studies according to the method of high temperature mass spectrometry with a Knudsen cell. From the observed ion intensity ratios of dimer to monomer and of trimer to monomer the dissociation enthalpies of Cu,, Ag,, and Au, were redetermined. The following atomization and sublimation enthalpies for the trimer in kJ mol-' could be additionally determined by assuming a linear structure for these molecules: Dt(Cu,) = 294 * 13, D!(Ag3) = 253 k 13, @(Au,) = 367 & 13, AsuhHt(Cu,) = 714 k 13, ASu&(Ag3) = 598 f 12, and AsuhH;(A~,) = 737 i 13.At the mean temperature of the measurements of 1849 K (Cu), 1500 K (Ag), and 1883 K (Au) the vapour pressures of the trimers are by a factor of 2.4 . lo7 (Cu,), 2.9 . lo7 (Ag3), and 1.7 . lo7 (Au,) smaller than those of the corresponding monomers.Die Zusammensetzung der Gasphase iiber Cu(fl), Ag(fl) und Au(fl) wurde durch Verdampfungsuntersuchungen nach der Methode der Hochtemperaturmassenspektrometrie mit Knudsenzelle bestimmt . Aus den ermittelten lonenintensitatsverhaltnissen der Dimeren zu den Monomeren und der Trimeren zu den Monomeren wurden die Dissoziationsenthalpien von Cu,, Ag, und Au, neu berechnet. Weiter konnten die folgenden Atomisierungs-und Sublimationsenthalpien in kJ mol-' fur die Trimeren bei Annahme einer linearen Molekulstruktur nach der Methode des dritten Hauptsatzes ermittelt werden: D:(Cu,) = 294 i 13, @(Ag,) = 253 +-13, D;'(Au,) = 367 i 13, AsuhH,O(Cu,) = 714 k 13, A,,,H~(Ag,) = 598 i 12 und AsuhH;(Au,) = 737 k 13. Die Dampfdrucke der Trimeren sind bei der mittleren Temperatur der Messungen von 1849 K (Cu) , 1500 K (Ag) und 1883 K (Au) um die Faktoren 2,4 . lo7 (Cu,), 2.9' lo7 (Ag,) und 1,7 . lo7 (Au,) kleiner als die der entsprechenden Monomeren.

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Mass spectrometric determination of dissociation energies of molecules Bi2, Bi3, Bi4 and BiPb

Cited by 43 publications

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Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Review of the Bi and Bi‐O vapor systems

Atomization Enthalpies of the Molecules Cu₃, Ag₃, and Au₃

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Mass spectrometric determination of dissociation energies of molecules Bi2, Bi3, Bi4 and BiPb

Cited by 43 publications

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Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Atomization energies and enthalpies of formation of the SnBin (n=1–3) gaseous molecules by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry

Review of the Bi and Bi‐O vapor systems

Atomization Enthalpies of the Molecules Cu3, Ag3, and Au3

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Atomization Enthalpies of the Molecules Cu₃, Ag₃, and Au₃