Mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer extracts by desorption chemical ionization and collisional induced dissociation with B/E linked scanning

Juo, Chiun-Gung; Chen, S.W.; Her, Guor‐Rong

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(95)00183-z

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Fragmentation patterns in MS experiments provide a basic insight into how stabilizers can degrade. Although the occurence of fragmentation patterns is documented in several publications [31,43,44,46,[55][56][57][58][59], only a few of them offer an in-depth explanation of the associated fragmentation pathways [56][57][58][59]. The cleavage of Table 3.…”

Section: Degradation Products Of Stabilizers Observed After Controllementioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Reingruber

Buchberger

2010

J of Separation Science

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Polymeric materials are complex samples, as they contain various groups of additives, compounding ingredients, and fillers. An important group of additives are stabilizers. Efficient stabilization is essential especially for polypropylene, as it is sensitive to oxidation and radical attack due to the numerous tertiary carbon atoms in its structure. How long a polymer will be sufficiently stabilized can be deduced from the contained amount of intact stabilizer. Different approaches for the analysis of stabilizers in polyolefins are available, which include sample preparation with subsequent chromatographic separation as well as direct analysis techniques. In round-robin tests, stabilizer concentrations obtained varied strongly. This shows the demand for reliable and robust methods. Stabilizers get consumed while protecting the polymer and are then present as degradation products. They were observed while quantifying intact stabilizers, in migration studies, and - if volatile - in emission studies of polymers. Furthermore, e.g. interactions with other polymer ingredients or irradiation degraded stabilizers. The identification of degradation products provides a better insight into the reactions associated with stabilization. Their quantitation makes it possible to deduce the original level of stabilization. Furthermore, polymer ingredients degrading stabilizers can be identified. Knowledge on these interactions contributes significantly to improved polymer stabilization.

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Section: Degradation Products Of Stabilizers Observed After Controllementioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Reingruber

Buchberger

2010

J of Separation Science

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“…By considering MS n spectra, database and literature data, 7,8,33,34 the compound has been identified as tris(2,4‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)phosphate (MW 662), a processing stabilizer used in the production of polymers, also known with the synonyms F32IRS6B46, oxidized Naugard 524, and others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to its high sensitivity and specificity, and ability to characterize and quantify wide classes of molecules, mass spectrometry (MS) plays a very important role in characterizing plastic contaminants. Owing to their different chemical structures, different ionization techniques, 2 such as electron ionization, 3,4 laser desorption, 5 secondary‐ion MS, 6 desorption chemical ionization, 7,8 matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, 9 atmospheric solid analysis probe, 10 atmospheric pressure photoionization, 11,12 atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, 4,11,13,14 electrospray, 11,14–17 and ambient ionization MS, 18 have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of additives in plastics: From MS to MS¹⁰ multistep mass analysis and theoretical calculations of tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate

2020

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In the analysis by electrospray (+) of an extract of hemp sprouts put in a polypropylene vial, we found a large contamination of a plastic additive. It was characterized by multiple‐stage MSn experiments (MS ÷ MS10) and identified as tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate, also known with the synonyms F32IRS6B46, oxidized Naugard 524, and others. The MS2 ÷ MS7 spectra are characterized by consecutive eliminations of six isobutene molecules from the tert‐butyl moieties, some of them also occurring in the ion source. The first three are calculated to occur preferentially from the ortho positions, whereas eliminations from the para positions are estimated to be less favored at about 5–6 kcal/mol in each step. Once the first three isobutene molecules are eliminated, the remaining three are lost from the tert‐butyl moieties in para positions (MS5 ÷ MS7), yielding protonated triphenylphosphate, whose structure has been confirmed by the MS2 spectrum of triphenylphosphate standard: the latter spectrum is almost superimposable with the MS8 spectrum of the analyte under investigation. MS8 and MS9 spectra show main losses of water and C6H4 molecules. The MS10 spectrum of precursor ions at m/z 215 shows the gas‐phase addition of water and methanol and ions at m/z 168, attributable to the loss of a phosphorus oxide radical. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (Becke 3LYP [B3LYP] 6‐311+G(2d,2p)) have been used to evaluate structure and stability of different ionic and neutral species involved in the decomposition pathways and to calculate thermochemical data of the decomposition reactions. This multistep mass analysis combined with theoretical calculations resulted to be particularly useful and effective, yielding chemical, thermochemical, and mechanistic data of significant utility in the structural characterization and identification of the unknown analyte as well as to define its gas‐phase reactivity under a multistep low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation regime.

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“…For the highest molecular mass additives such as Irganox 1010 (MW [ 1000 mol g -1 ), other authors [155][156][157][158] tested ionization suitability using different desorption ionization techniques and highlighted that in the case of additives mixtures, the difference in ionization of the components must be taken into account.…”

Section: Degradation Of the Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical ageing of ethylene–norbornene copolymers: a review

et al. 2017

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The main object of this report is to review and summarize the current state of the scientific literature relating to physico-chemical ageing of ethylene-norbornene copolymers (ENCs). These processes occur through different means such as photodegradation under the effect of ultraviolet radiation, temperature and ionizing radiation (under air or oxygen). In most cases ageing causes chains scissions that lead to the creation of degradation compounds that exhibit high mobility, corresponding to their low molecular weight and/or high polarity. Cross-linking can also occur, leading to the modification of mechanical properties. The presence of oxygen during ageing is of great importance for the physico-chemical modifications of those polymers in terms of oxidation and thermal stability. ENCs belong to cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) class, whose synthesis was developed in the late 1950s. Nevertheless, commercial applications are relatively new. They attract growing interest in different fields, due to their very useful physical and chemical properties such as transparency, heat and chemical resistance, low permeability to gas as well as biocompatibility. In the literature, a large number of papers deal with the synthesis and characterization of different grades of ENC, but only a few deal with the effects of ageing on these materials. This literature review consists of a summary of the main milestones in the development of COC as well as of cyclic olefin polymers (COP), a review of main techniques for predicting ageing, degradation of additives and interaction between COC/COP and contact environment as well as toxicity of the extractables.

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Mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer extracts by desorption chemical ionization and collisional induced dissociation with B/E linked scanning

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Characterization of additives in plastics: From MS to MS¹⁰ multistep mass analysis and theoretical calculations of tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate

Physico-chemical ageing of ethylene–norbornene copolymers: a review

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Mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer extracts by desorption chemical ionization and collisional induced dissociation with B/E linked scanning

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Characterization of additives in plastics: From MS to MS10 multistep mass analysis and theoretical calculations of tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate

Physico-chemical ageing of ethylene–norbornene copolymers: a review

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Characterization of additives in plastics: From MS to MS¹⁰ multistep mass analysis and theoretical calculations of tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate