Mass Selection and Mating Systems in Cereals¹

Abstract

Responses to two cycles of mass selection under two mating systems were compared in the F2 and F3 generations of one cross each of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The number of green tillers prior to head emergence was used as the critical character. Additional characters, time from sowing to flowering and fertility number at maturity, were measured also in the evaluation of selection response for green tillers. The mean response for increased tillring, evaluated at two sites against unselected control generations, was higher in the wheat at 10.3%cycle than in the barley at 6.3%/cycle. Broad sense hentability estimates for tillering were between 10 and 25% for each cross.In both species the selection responses were greater in the hybrid than in the selfed selection series. The hybrid series was obtained by random mating among the selections in each cycle. The respective responses in barley realized over two selection cycles, were 17.1% with outbreeding and 8.7% with inbreeding at site 1, and 13.9% with outbreeding and 10.3% with inbreeding at site 2. In wheat at site 1, the responses were 22.6% with outbreeding and 18.5% with inbreeding. (Site 2 of the wheat had poor establishment.) Since the same F2 selection generated the hybrid and selfed series, the differences in response were attributed to the second cycle only. Asso. ciated selection responses for time to flowering and tiller number at maturity were detected only in the wheat.The results showed that mass selection with concurrent random mating could be a useful breeding stratcgy in self‐pollinated crops.

Enhancement of post harvest fruit quality and leaf curl disease tolerance in tomato through hybrid breeding

“…These findings suggested heterosis breeding as the best possible option for improving fruit weight, pericarp thickness; total soluble solids, acidity, vitamin C; lycopene percent disease index of ToLCV and fruit yield plant -1 which were governed by non-additive gene action. On the other hand, the use of diallel selective mating (Jensen, 1970) or mass selection with concurrent random mating (Redden and Jensen, 1974) or restricted recurrent selection by intermating the most desirable segregants followed by selection (Shende et al, 2012) might be some effective breeding strategies for the improvement of characters controlled by both additive and non-additive type of gene action. Not many findings were available on the genetic control of post harvest fruit quality traits and leaf curl disease severity in tomato.…”

Estimation of Combining Ability in F1 and F2 Generations of Diallel Crosses in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell)

“…For better utilization of these crosses, the inter se crossing of F 1 hybrids in all possible combinations for multiple parents is put into a common gene pool, which will lead to realization of better recombinants and also help in breaking up of the genetic barriers, if present (Jensen 1970). Later, Redden and Jensen (1974) demonstrated significant gain in seed weight through mass selection with concurrent random mating and suggested that this technique could be a useful breeding procedure for wheat.…”

Sélection récurrente chez les autogames pour l'amélioration des variétés lignées pures : une revue bibliographique

“…C'est le cas pour le poids des feuilles chez le tabac (Matzinger et Wernsman, 1968;Gupton, 1981), pour le tallage herbacé chez le blé et l'orge (Redden et Jensen, 1974) (Thomas, 1986;Kervella, 1987;Kervella et al, 1988;Brabant et al, 1989a (Payne et al, 1986) et de l'orge (Delogu et al, 1988), utilisent des poquets ou des petites parcelles pour la sélection et l'évaluation du progrès; certains travaillent dans les mêmes conditions de peuplement dans les 2 cas, pour la sé-lection pour le poids des feuilles chez le tabac (Matzinger et Wernsman, 1968) et la teneur en protéines chez le soja (Miller et Fehr, 1979 Burton, 1979;Prohaska et Fehr, 1981; Kofoid, 1982), et allant jusqu'à 25% (Lyons et al, 1987) de la valeur moyenne initiale, par cycle. Brim et Burton (1979) (Sumarno et Fehr, 1982); diminution du taux d'acide linoléique (de mauvaise qualité nutritionnelle) parallèlement à l'augmentation du taux d'acide oléique chez le soja (Carver et al, 1986), de la teneur en alcaloïdes parallèlement à l'augmentation du poids de feuilles chez le tabac (Gupton, 1981) (Miller et Rawlings, 1967;Stanca et Marocco, 1985;Delogu et al, 1988;Sanguineti et al, 1988) pour le caractère sélectionné.…”

“…Cela peut être dû à une base géné-tique de départ trop étroite (tableau I) ainsi qu'à une trop forte intensité de sélection (Miller et Rawlings, 1967) Busch et Kofoid, 1982;Löffler et al, 1983;Stuart, 1986;Kelly et Adams, 1987;Madhy, 1988b (Gai et Fehr, 1984;Payne et al, 1986;Carver et al, 1986;Bregitzer et al, 1987;Sanguineti et al, 1988;Brabant et al, 1989a). Miller et Rawlings (1967) (Miller et Rawlings, 1967;McNeal et al, 1978;Burton et Brim, 1981; Kofoid, 1982;Löffler et al, 1983;Carver et al, 1986;Lyons et al, 1987 (Lyons et al, 1987) voire meilleur (Carver et al, 1986) (Redden et Jensen, 1974;Avey et al, 1982; Kofoid, 1982; Habgood et Rafique Uddin, 1984;Obilana, 1985;Madhy, 1988b;Sanguineti et al, 1988) ou au mieux, comme des études sur les possibilités de son utilisation pour la création de géniteurs (McNeal et al, 1978;Gupton, 1981;Prohaska et Fehr, 1981;Walker et Schmitthenner, 1984;Bockelman et Sharp, 1986;Lyons et al, 1987;…”

“…Certains systèmes sont basés sur l'observation de familles de demifrères (Burton et Brim, 1981;Carver et al, 1986), obtenues par la pollinisation libre des plantes mâle stériles. Cette méthode, en théorie du moins, sera moins efficace que la sélection sur descendance S 1 pour améliorer la valeur en lignée (Gallais, 1990 (Redden et Jensen, 1974), 1,6 à 3% (Busch et Kofoid, 1982), 5% (Obilana, 1985) et 2,4% (Kelly et Adams, 1987 (McNeal et al, 1978; Burton, 1979;Kenworthy et Miller et Fehr, 1979;Prohaska et Fehr, 1981;Löffler et al, 1983;Walker et Schmitthenner, 1984;Bello, 1985;Obilana, 1985;Stanca et Marocco, 1985;Stuart, 1986 Brim, 1981;Gupton, 1981;Carver et al, 1986), soit une sélection combinée «famille-individu dans famille» (Thomas, 1986;Kervella, 1987;Lyons et al, 1987;Kervella et al, 1988;Madhy, 1988b;Brabant et Fehr, 1982;Gai et Fehr, 1984;Guimaraes, 1986;Payne et al, 1986;Piper et Fehr, 1987), bulk (Miller et Rawlings, 1967) ou haplodiploïdisation (Patel et al, 1985 (Guimaraes, 1986;Piper et Fehr, 1987;Madhy, 1988b (Stanca et Marocco, 1985;<...>…”