Mass Rearing of the Tobacco Hornworm. II. Larval Rearing and Pupation12

Yamamoto, R. T.

doi:10.1093/jee/62.6.1427

Cited by 336 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…Caterpillars used for the experiments were taken from a laboratory breeding colony, initiated from caterpillars originally collected in southeastern Arizona, USA. Colony individuals were reared on a nutritious, wheatgerm-based rearing diet (Yamamoto, 1969), as were individuals used in experiments prior to feeding on experimental diets. All caterpillars used in experiments were housed in 167.2 ml clear plastic cups (Russell Hall Co., Meriden, CT, USA).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced consumption of protein-rich foods follows immune challenge in a polyphagous caterpillar

Mason

Smilanich

Singer

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Advances in ecological immunity have illustrated that, like vertebrates, insects exhibit adaptive immunity, including induced changes in feeding behavior that aid the immune system. In particular, recent studies have pointed to the importance of protein intake in mounting an immune response. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the polyphagous caterpillar Grammia incorrupta (H. Edwards) (Family: Erebidae) would adaptively change its feeding behavior in response to immune challenge, predicting that caterpillars would increase their intake of dietary protein. We further predicted that this response would enhance the melanization response, a component of the immune system that acts against parasitoids. We challenged the immune system using either tachinid fly parasitoids or a bead injection technique that has been used in studies to simulate parasitism, and measured feeding before and after immune challenge on diets varying in their macronutrient content. To evaluate the effects of diet on melanization, we quantified melanization of beads following feeding assays. Contrary to our prediction, we found that parasitized or injected caterpillars given a choice between high-and low-protein foods reduced their intake of the high-protein food. Furthermore, in a no-choice experiment, caterpillars offered food with a protein concentration that is optimal for growth reduced feeding following immune challenge, whereas those offered a low-protein food did not. Although variation in protein intake did not change the caterpillars' melanization response, increased carbohydrate intake did increase melanization, suggesting a prophylactic role for carbohydrates. We discuss alternative mechanisms by which variation in protein intake could negatively or positively affect parasitized caterpillars, including nutritional interactions with the caterpillar's self-medication response.

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Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced consumption of protein-rich foods follows immune challenge in a polyphagous caterpillar

Mason

Smilanich

Singer

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Larvae of the tobacco hornworm were reared at 250C on an artificial diet (15,16). All tissue donors were maintained in individual plastic containers under a 12-hr light/12-hr dark photoperiod; lights off is denoted by 2400 (0000) arbitrary Zeitgeber time (AZT).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and evoked release of prothoracicotropin from multiple neurohemal organs of the tobacco hornworm

Carrow

Calabrese

Williams

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Release ofneurohormone from putative cephalic neurohemal organs was directly demonstrated in an insect. The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was measured indirectly by its ability to stimulate the secretion of a-ecdysone by inactive prothoracic glands; the ecdysone was measured by radioimmunoassay. The PTTH released spontaneously from intact brain-retrocerebral complexes was localized to the retrocerebral complex by placing a waxy barrier across the nerves connecting the corpora cardiaca to the brain. Isolated corpora allata spontaneously released much more PTTH than did either isolated corpora cardiaca or isolated brains. Media containing 100 mM potassium stimulated PTTH release from both isolated corpora allata and isolated corpora cardiaca. In calcium-free media, spontaneous PTTH release was diminished and release could not be stimulated by high potassium. These results indicate that depolarization ofthe neurosecretory cells is correlated with calcium-dependent neurohormone release and that there are multiple neurohemal organs for PITH. The biological activities of stored and circulating PTTH are compared.

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“…This aspect was restudied recently when hornworms became available in large numbers throughout the year (Hoffman, et al, 1966;Yamamoto, 1969). This report summarizes some of our observations and findings bearing on this problem and gives a generalized scheme of the principal points at which sensory discriminations are thought to operate during oviposition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…They have already mated, fed extensively on sucrose solution, and have mature eggs in the ovaries by this time (Yamamoto, 1968). They are provided sufficient navigational space in cages measuring approximately 3 • 3 X 2 m. These cages are situated in greenhouses where the temperature is ambient, fluctuating between 22--30 ~ C, and the daylength is natural.…”

Section: Requisites Lor Oviposition Under Laboratory Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FACTORS DETERMINING THE SELECTION OF PLANTS FOR OVIPOSITION BY THE TOBACCO HORNWORM MANDUCA SEXTA

Yamamoto

Jenkins

McCLUSKY

1969

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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FORA generalized scheme concerning the oviposition behavior of Manduca sexta (Johan.) moths was constructed according to observations and experiments conducted in large cages. There are two phases in the orientation to plants, the approach and the landing. The approach appears non-discriminatory and the moths utilize visual cues during this phase. The landing is discriminatory and is based on fixed or learned responses to olfactory stimuli. After landing, contact chemostimtflation elicits deposition of eggs.

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Mass Rearing of the Tobacco Hornworm. II. Larval Rearing and Pupation12

Cited by 336 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced consumption of protein-rich foods follows immune challenge in a polyphagous caterpillar

Reduced consumption of protein-rich foods follows immune challenge in a polyphagous caterpillar

Spontaneous and evoked release of prothoracicotropin from multiple neurohemal organs of the tobacco hornworm

FACTORS DETERMINING THE SELECTION OF PLANTS FOR OVIPOSITION BY THE TOBACCO HORNWORM MANDUCA SEXTA

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