Mass Rearing of Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), an Approved Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae)

Gillmore, J. L.; Medal, Julio; Pedrosa-Macedo, José Henrique

doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2008)91[338:mropit]2.0.co;2

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Insects attacking this plant in South America and Florida have been studied as potential biological control agents (Cuda et al, 2006;McKay et al, 2009). Field impact studies in Brazil and host-specificity testing in Brazil and Florida confirmed that a stem-feeding thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini sensu lato, is a specialist on Brazilian peppertree and the Peruvian peppertree (Schinus molle) (Manrique et al, 2008;Cuda et al, 2009). In 2007, P. ichini sensu lato was recommended for field release, but thrips from different source populations were found to be genetically distinct, and more work is required to confirm population-level specificity before release.…”

Section: Invasive Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Carruthers²,

et al. 2010

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Keywords: Invasive species Ecosystem function Insect pests Invasive plants Ecological restoration Biological control Natural ecosystems a b s t r a c tOf the 70 cases of classical biological control for the protection of nature found in our review, there were fewer projects against insect targets (21) than against invasive plants (49), in part, because many insect biological control projects were carried out against agricultural pests, while nearly all projects against plants targeted invasive plants in natural ecosystems. Of 21 insect projects, 81% (17) provided benefits to protection of biodiversity, while 48% (10) protected products harvested from natural systems, and 5% (1) preserved ecosystem services, with many projects contributing to more than one goal. In contrast, of the 49 projects against invasive plants, 98% (48) provided benefits to protection of biodiversity, while 47% (23) protected products, and 25% (12) preserved ecosystem services, again with many projects contributing to several goals. We classified projects into complete control (pest generally no longer important), partial control (control in some areas but not others), and ''in progress," for projects in development for which outcomes do not yet exist. For insects, of the 21 projects discussed, 62% (13) achieved complete control of the target pest, 19% (4) provided partial control, and 43% (9) are still in progress. By comparison, of the 49 invasive plant projects considered, 27% (13) achieved complete control, while 33% (16) provided partial control, and 49% (24) are still in progress. For both categories of pests, some projects' success ratings were scored twice when results varied by region. We found approximately twice as many projects directed against invasive plants than insects and that protection of biodiversity was the most frequent benefit of both insect and plant projects. Ecosystem service protection was provided in the fewest cases by either insect or plant biological control agents, but was more likely to be provided by projects directed against invasive plants, likely because of the strong effects plants exert on landscapes. Rates of complete success appeared to be higher for insect than plant targets (62% vs 27%), perhaps because most often herbivores gradually weaken, rather than outright kill, their hosts, which is not the case for natural enemies directed against pest insects. For both insect and plant biological control, nearly half of all projects reviewed were listed as currently in progress, suggesting that the use of biological control for the protection of wildlands is currently very active.

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Section: Invasive Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Carruthers²,

et al. 2010

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“…Since its initial description, several members of the Liothrips genus have been reassigned to the Pseudophilothrips genus (Johansen, 1979). Previous collections of Brazilian thrips occurred from locations near Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, and were incorrectly identified as P. ichini (Garcia, 1977;Hight et al, 2002;Cuda et al, 2008Cuda et al, , 2009). More recent research determined that this was a different species (i.e., Pseudophilothrips gandolfoi Mound et al), and the identity of these two species was clarified with molecular and morphological techniques (Mound et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarantine host range testing of Pseudophilothrips ichini, a potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia, in North America and Hawaii

Wheeler

Manrique

Overholt

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of Florida, Hawaii, and Texas (USA). Biological control presents an environmentally safe and cost-effective control method for invasive populations of this weed. Though many potential agents have been tested for specificity, nearly all have been rejected due to a broad host range. However, one species, a thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), shows promise from field observations and quarantine host range tests. A series of no-choice, choice, and multiple-generation tests was conducted on 127 plant taxa (including five mango and four pistachio varieties) from 45 families and 33 orders. In no-choice starvation tests, the thrips fed and produced offspring on the target weed (124 F 1 adults per plant), whereas no or few (<4 F 1 adults per plant) were obtained on non-target species. The primary exception was another exotic invasive tree Schinus molle L., on which an average 20 F 1 thrips adults were produced. No-choice tests indicated that small numbers of F 1 offspring were produced on nine other non-target plant species. The numbers of F 1 offspring produced on these plants were <3% of those produced on the target weed. In choice tests, on average two or fewer F 1 adults were produced on four non-target species tested, compared with 64 F 1 adults on the target weed. Multiple-generation tests indicated that three generations of thrips were maintained only on the target weed and S. molle with no differences between these two plant species or across generations. Thus, this thrips species has a narrow host range that includes the two invasive Schinus spp. tested here. If released, the thrips P. ichini will constitute safe and potentially effective biological control of Brazilian peppertree in North America and Hawaii.

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“…Recent surveys for natural enemies in Brazil resulted in the discovery of several insects, specifically thrips and psyllids, that are highly adapted to the two Brazilian peppertree genotypes and/or to their hybrids established in Florida (Manrique et al 2008;Christ 2010). More importantly, natural enemies belonging to the thrips genus Pseudophilothrips and the psyllid genus Calophya turned out to be a complex of cryptic species (Cuda et al 2009;Mound et al 2010;Burckhardt et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of molecular genetics in identifying ‘fine tuned’ natural enemies of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius: a review

et al. 2011

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Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), is a highly successful invasive species in the continental United States, Hawaiian archipelago, several Caribbean Islands, Australia, Bermuda, and a number of other countries worldwide. It also is one of only a few invasive intraspecific hybrids that has been well characterized genetically. The natural enemy complex of Brazilian peppertree includes two thrips and two psyllids that appear to be highly adapted to specific haplotypes or their hybrids. Successful biological control of Brazilian peppertree will require careful matching of the appropriate natural enemies with their host plant genotypes. The Brazilian peppertree model reviewed here could provide a useful framework for studying biological control agents on other invasive weed species that have exhibited intraspecific hybridization.

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Mass Rearing of Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), an Approved Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae)

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Quarantine host range testing of Pseudophilothrips ichini, a potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia, in North America and Hawaii

Role of molecular genetics in identifying ‘fine tuned’ natural enemies of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius: a review

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