Mass Proportion, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Carrot Peel as Affected by Various Solvents

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the mass proportion of carrot root and the effects of four various solvents (methanol, water, ethanol and hexane) on the contents of total phenolics and saponins as well as antioxidant capacity of carrot peel to identify an optimal solvent for effective extraction of bioactive compounds from carrot peel for further investigation. The results showed that carrot root consisted of body, heads and peel with their mass proportion of 83.19%, 5.01% and 14.19% by fresh weight, respectively. Among four solvents tested, methanol obtained the highest levels of extraction yield (54.02% by dry weight), total phenolic content (9.02 mg GAE/g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) from carrot peel, while water extracted the highest content of saponins (272.9 mg EE/g dry weight) and possessed the maximum ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Therefore, methanol and water are considered for effective extraction of phenolics and saponins from carrot peel, respectively. The phenolic/saponin-enriched extracts are potential sources for further applications in the healthy food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

Influence of Various Drying Conditions on Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Carrot Peel

“…The methanol extracts of the dried carrot peel were prepared based on the previously reported method in [15,24]. 0.2 g of dried sample was extracted with 20 mL of methanol at room temperature (20 ± 1 • C) for 30 min, then the microwave-assisted extraction method was applied for 60 min using a microwave oven (Sharp Carousel; Sharp Corporation, Bangkok, Thailand) at power of 360 W and the irradiation time was 5 s per 2 min period (total irradiation time of 150 s).…”

“…Phytochemical compounds remaining in the dried carrot peel extracts were identified using an HPLC system (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) based on the previously established method in [24]. The external standard solutions were prepared by dissolving standard compounds in methanol at 200 µg/mL, and 200 µL of each standard solution was then taken to make a mixed standard solution.…”

“…Carrot is a popular root vegetable, which contains a significant amount of carotenoids, anthocyanidins and saponins [23,24]. These compounds have been linked to the prevention of serious diseases by improving the immunology system.…”

“…These compounds have been linked to the prevention of serious diseases by improving the immunology system. A major by-product obtained during the processing of carrot root is carrot peel, which is considered as a huge source of waste (approximately 5.28 million tonnes per year) [24] that increases the risk of pollution to the environment. Hence, there is potential to recycle carrot peel from the carrot processing industry as a rich source of bioactive compounds and pigments [25].…”

Influence of Extraction Parameters on the Yield, Phytochemical, TLC-Densitometric Quantification of Quercetin, and LC-MS Profile, and how to Standardize Different Batches for Long Term from Ageratum conyoides L. Leaves

“…11 The extraction process is the important step to minimize interference from compounds that may co-extract with the target compund, so we can obtain the extract with high content of bio-active compund. 12 It is believed that bioactive compounds from plant foods may have health beneficial effects and reduce the risk of diseases. 13 This work focused on the discussion of effect of various extraction conditions to the chemical compounds and quercetin content in the extract as extractable matter.…”