Mass preparation of oligosaccharides by the hydrolysis of chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides with a subcritical water microreaction system

Abstract

The biological functions of chondroitin sulfate (CS) are executed by the interaction of specific oligosaccharide sequences in the polysaccharide chain with effective proteins. Thus, CS oligosaccharides are expected to have pharmacological applications. Furthermore, the demand for CS in health food supplements and medication is growing. However, the absorbency of CS polysaccharides in the digestive system is very low. Since the activity of orally administered CS is expected to increase by depolymerization, industrial production of CS oligosaccharides is required. In this study, hydrolysis with subcritical and super-critical water was applied to the depolymerization of CS for the first time, and hydrolytic conditions for oligosaccharide production were examined. CS oligosaccharides principally containing an N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine residue at their reducing ends were successfully obtained. No significant desulfation was found in CS oligosaccharides prepared under optimized conditions. The production of CS oligosaccharides by this method will have a strong influence on the CS-related materials market.

Anti-obesity effects of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides from the skate Raja pulchra

“…The absorption of CS polysaccharides from the digestive system is generally very low (Yamada, Matsushima, Ura, Miyamoto, & Sugahara, 2013). However, recently, we found that CS oligosaccharides prepared from skate CS could be effectively absorbed from the intestine of rats (unpublished observation).…”

“…Thus, orally administered CS oligosaccharides may be able to influence adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Moreover, a new, low-cost method using a subcritical water microreaction system to produce skate CS oligosaccharides has been developed (Yamada et al, 2013). Thus, oral administration of skate CS oligosaccharides is now possible and may be beneficial for obesity.…”

Production of oligosaccharides from coconut meal by subcritical water treatment

“…A number of studies have demonstrated that the subcritical water treatment is a promising method for converting several agricultural and food industry by-products into high valueadded food ingredients. For example, subcritical water treatment has been investigated for the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into oligosaccharides; the hydrolysis of cellulose into cello-oligomers (Sasaki et al, 2000); hydrolysis of tobacco stalk, cotton stalk, sunflower stalk and wheat straw (Akpinar et al, 2009) into xylooligosaccharides; and more recently, hydrolysis of chondroitin sulphate polysaccharides into oligosaccharides (Yamada et al, 2013).…”

Therapeutic Spectrum of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides: Overview of Current State and Prospect

“…Using response surface methodology, they determined the optimum hydrolysis conditions to be 8.1 U/g enzyme loading, 57.4 °C temperature, and 34.1 h reaction time. Yamada and others () conducted hydrolytic depolymerization of chondroitin sulfate and obtained oligosaccharides containing N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine residue at their reducing ends. de Araujo and others () produced functional COS using chitosanases from Paenibacillus chitinolyticus and Paenibacillus ehimensis .…”