Mass mortality in ornamental fish, Cyprinus carpio koi caused by a bacterial pathogen, Proteus hauseri

Kumar, Raj; Swaminathan, T. Raja; Kumar, Ranjan; Dharmaratnam, Arathi; Basheer, V. S.; Jena, J. K.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.022

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Also, freshwater Nile tilapias ( Oreochromis niloticus ) from experimental freshwater aquaculture in Brazil [17] and tilapias from Lake Victoria, Kenya [107], were sporadically colonized by P. vulgaris or Proteus sp. Kumar et al [70] reported on P. hauseri as a causative agent of hemorrhage and mortality in a koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) farm in India. This is the first animal habitat reported for this poorly recognized species, while the sources of isolation of two previously described P. hauseri strains (one human) remain unknown [104] and two other strains were isolated from human urine [63].…”

Section: Proteus Spp In Animals—adverse and Friendlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance and Roles of Proteus spp. Bacteria in Natural Environments

2016

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Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.

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Section: Proteus Spp In Animals—adverse and Friendlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance and Roles of Proteus spp. Bacteria in Natural Environments

2016

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“…and Serratia sp, are associated with fish disease and several bacterial pathogens have been isolated from freshwater fish by various workers (Kumar and Dey, 1988;Das et al, 1999;Novotny et al, 2004;Mohanty and Sahoo, 2007) in India. Recently Kumar et al (2015) isolated a zoonotically important bacterial pathogen; Proteus hauseri causing mass mortality of ornamental koi carp in India. S. marcescens was isolated and confirmed only by biochemical characteristics from marine ornamental fish with ulcerative disease in India (Pramila, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diseased (n = 25) fish were collected from the farm for detailed investigations. All fish were transported to the laboratory on ice within 6 h. The tissues viz., fin, gills, spleen and kidney from the affected fish were stored in 95% ethanol and Leibovitz's L-15 tissue culture medium for screening of viruses viz., Koi Herpes virus (KHV), Iridovirus and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) as described by Kumar et al (2015) and isolation of viral pathogen, if any, respectively. A tissue homogenate was prepared from the pooled samples of fin, gills, spleen, heart and kidney from the affected fish and inoculated on different fish cell lines viz., pearl spot fin (PSF) (Swaminathan et al, 2010), catopra fish fin (CFF) (Swaminathan et al, 2013), Horabagrus brachysoma fin (HBF) (Swaminathan et al, 2014), Cyprinus carpio koi fin (CCKF) , angelfish fin (AFF) (Swaminathan et al, 2016) and goldfish fin (GFF) (unpublished) maintained in our laboratory to screen for viral infections.…”

Section: Fish Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterisation of virulent Serratia marcescens associated with a disease outbreak in farmed ornamental fish, Poecilia reticulata in Kerala, India

et al. 2017

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Pathogenic strain of Serratia marcescens (NPSM-1) with multiple drug resistance was isolated from guppy Poecilia reticulata with clinical signs of fin rot and was confirmed by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The extra cellular proteins (ECP) of the bacteria exhibited marked cytotoxic activity in vitro on Cyprinus carpio koi fin (CCKF) cell line. The in vivo challenge studies confirmed that the isolate was highly pathogenic to fish when the fishes were injected with1 x 104 CFU/fish and the same bacterium was re-isolated from infected fish, post-challenge. S. marcescens produced large zones of haemolysis on 10% sheep blood agar. The bacteria was found to carry virulence genes; extracellular metalloprotease gene (Pr596) and AHL synthase gene (SpnI). The bacterial isolate was tested to determine sensitivity against 16 antibiotics and was sensitive to only 5 viz., cefixime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and erythromycin. The study indicates that S. marcescens can cause disease in ornamental fish and the bacterium being a known human pathogen, may also cause infections in humans having direct contact with infected fishes. This is the first report describing S. marcescens as a pathogen of freshwater ornamental fish in India.

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“…Their broad diversity of colors and color patterns are major factors contributing to their attractive market value (David et al, 2004). However, various infectious diseases in koi carp have emerged with the rapid development of industrial culture in recent years, resulting in great economic losses (Kumar et al, 2015;Pokorova et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biases from different DNA extraction methods in intestine microbiome research based on 16S rDNA sequencing: a case in the koi carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi

Han

Sun

et al. 2018

MicrobiologyOpen

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This study examined the technical bias associated with different DNA extraction methods used in microbiome research. Three methods were used to extract genomic DNA from the same intestinal microbiota sample that was taken from the koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi, after which their microbial diversity and community structure were investigated on the basis of a 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. Biased results were observed in relation to the number of reads, alpha diversity indexes and taxonomic composition among the three DNA extraction protocols. A total of 1,381 OTUs from the intestinal bacteria were obtained, with 852, 759, and 698 OTUs acquired, using the Lysozyme and Ultrasonic Lysis method, Zirmil-beating Cell Disruption method, and a QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit, respectively. Additionally, 336 OTUs were commonly acquired, using the three methods. The results showed that the alpha diversity indexes (Rarefaction, Shannon, and Chao1) of the community that were determined using the Lysozyme and Ultrasonic Lysis method were higher than those obtained with the Zirmil-beating Cell Disruption method, while the Zirmil method results were higher than those measured, using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit. Moreover, all the major phyla (ratio>1%) could be identified with all three DNA extraction methods, but the phyla present at a lower abundance (ratio <1%) could not. Similar findings were observed at the genus level. Taken together, these findings indicated that the bias observed in the results about the community structure occurred primarily in OTUs with a lower abundance. The results of this study demonstrate that possible bias exists in community analyses, and researchers should therefore be conservative when drawing conclusions about community structures based on the currently available DNA extraction methods.

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Mass mortality in ornamental fish, Cyprinus carpio koi caused by a bacterial pathogen, Proteus hauseri

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Significance and Roles of Proteus spp. Bacteria in Natural Environments

Significance and Roles of Proteus spp. Bacteria in Natural Environments

Isolation and characterisation of virulent Serratia marcescens associated with a disease outbreak in farmed ornamental fish, Poecilia reticulata in Kerala, India

Biases from different DNA extraction methods in intestine microbiome research based on 16S rDNA sequencing: a case in the koi carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi

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