Mass loading and episodic variation of molecular markers in PM2.5 aerosols over a rural area in eastern central India

Nirmalkar, Jayant; Deshmukh, Dhananjay K.; Deb, Manas Kanti; Tsai, Ying I.; Sopajaree, Khajornsak

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.003

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, we presume a negligible input of ma- rine sources to sugar alcohols in Alaskan fine aerosol samples. Arabitol and mannitol were also detected in aerosol particles derived from BB (Fu et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Nirmalkar et al, 2015). We found insignificant correlations of arabitol (r = 0.16) and mannitol (r = 0.27) with levoglucosan ( Fig.…”

Section: Sugar Compounds: Tracers Of Primary Biological Particlesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

et al. 2019

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Abstract. PM2.5 aerosols were collected at Fairbanks (64.51∘ N and 147.51∘ W) in central Alaska during the summer of 2009 and analyzed for organic tracer compounds using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. The organic compounds were grouped into 14 classes based on their functional groups and sources. Concentrations of the total organics measured ranged from 113 to 1664 ng m−3 (avg 535 ng m−3). Anhydrosugars (avg 186 ng m−3) and n-alkanoic acids (avg 185 ng m−3) were 2 major classes among the 14 compound classes. The similar temporal trends and strong positive correlations among anhydrosugars and n-alkanoic acids demonstrated that biomass burning (BB) is the major source of organic aerosols (OAs) in central Alaska. The dominance of higher molecular weight n-alkanoic acids over lower molecular weight homologs and their carbon preference index (5.6–9.8) confirmed that they were mostly emitted from plant waxes during BB in central Alaska. The mass concentration ratios of levoglucosan to mannosan denoted that softwood is the main biomass burned. The rainfall event distinctly enhanced the levels of mannitol and arabitol due to the growth of fungi and active discharge of fungal spores in the subarctic region. Molecular compositions of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) tracers inferred that isoprene is a crucial precursor of BSOA over central Alaska. Our results suggest forest fires and plant emissions to be the crucial factors controlling the levels and molecular composition of OAs in central Alaska. We propose that PM2.5 laden with OAs derived in central Alaska may significantly impact the air quality and climate in the Arctic via long-range atmospheric transport.

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Section: Sugar Compounds: Tracers Of Primary Biological Particlesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Although early Arctic explorers had noticed atmospheric haze (Nordenskiold, 1883), the remote Arctic atmosphere was believed to be extremely clean. Pilots flying over the North American Arctic in the 1950s observed widespread haze that could be seen every winter and early spring (Mitchell, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

et al. 2019

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“…We presume a negligible input of marine sources to sugar alcohols in Alaskan fine aerosol samples. Arabitol and mannitol were also detected in aerosol particles derived from BB (Fu et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Nirmalkar et al, 2015). We found insignificant correlations of arabitol (r = 0.16) and mannitol (r = 0.27) with levoglucosan ( Fig.…”

Section: Sugar Compounds: Tracers Of Primary Biological Particlesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

Deshmukh¹,

Haque²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. PM2.5 aerosols were collected at Fairbanks (64.51&#176;&#8201;N and 147.51&#176;&#8201;W) in central Alaska during the summer of 2009 and analyzed for organic tracer compounds using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The organic compounds were grouped into fourteen classes based on their functional groups and sources. Concentrations of total organics measured ranged from 113 to 1664&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 (ave. 535&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3). Anhydrosugars (ave. 186&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) and n-alkanoic acids (ave. 185&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) were two major classes among the 14 compound classes. The similar temporal trends and strong positive correlations among anhydrosugars and n-alkanoic acids demonstrated that biomass burning (BB) is the major source of organic aerosols (OAs) in central Alaska. The dominance of higher molecular weight n-alkanoic acids over lower molecular weight homologues and their carbon preference index (5.6&#8211;9.8) confirmed that they were mostly emitted from plant waxes during BB in central Alaska. The mass concentration ratios of levoglucosan to mannosan denoted that softwood is the main biomass burned. The rainfall event distinctly enhanced the levels of mannitol and arabitol due to the growth of fungi and active discharge of fungal spores in the subarctic region. Molecular compositions of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) tracers inferred that isoprene is a crucial precursor of BSOA over central Alaska. Our results suggest forest fires and plant emissions to be the crucial factors controlling the levels and molecular composition of OAs in central Alaska. We presume that the high abundance of BB-derived OAs in central Alaska may have a serious impact on the Arctic climate.

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“…Principal component analysis (PCA) is a useful tool for reducing the dimensionality of large aerosol datasets to principal components using varimax rotation for source identification (Cao et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2018;Nirmalkar et al, 2019). Four principal components (PCs) in winter and three in spring were identified with eigenvalues > 1 after varimax rotation, explaining 96 % and 92 %, respectively, of the total variance (Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized tracer-based approach for estimating organic carbon emissions from biomass burning in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2020

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Abstract. The impact of biomass burning (BB) on atmospheric particulate matter of <2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5) at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, was investigated using an optimized tracer-based approach during winter and spring 2017. Integrated 24 h PM2.5 samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters using a 30 L min−1 air sampler at an urban site in Ulaanbaatar. The aerosol samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan), and water-soluble ions. OC was found to be the predominant species, contributing 64 % and 56 % to the quantified aerosol components in PM2.5 in winter and spring, respectively. BB was identified as a major source of PM2.5, followed by dust and secondary aerosols. Levoglucosan ∕ mannosan and levoglucosan ∕ K+ ratios indicate that BB in Ulaanbaatar mainly originated from the burning of softwood. Because of the large uncertainty associated with the quantitative estimation of OC emitted from BB (OCBB), a novel approach was developed to optimize the OC ∕ levoglucosan ratio for estimating OCBB. The optimum OC ∕ levoglucosan ratio in Ulaanbaatar was obtained by regression analysis between OCnon-BB (OCtotal–OCBB) and levoglucosan concentrations that gives the lowest coefficient of determination (R2) and slope. The optimum OC ∕ levoglucosan ratio was found to be 27.6 and 18.0 for winter and spring, respectively, and these values were applied in quantifying OCBB. It was found that 68 % and 63 % of the OC were emitted from BB during winter and spring, respectively. This novel approach can also be applied by other researchers to quantify OCBB using their own chemical measurements. In addition to OCBB, sources of OCnon-BB were also investigated through multivariate correlation analysis. It was found that OCnon-BB originated mainly from coal burning, vehicles, and vegetative emissions.

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Mass loading and episodic variation of molecular markers in PM2.5 aerosols over a rural area in eastern central India

Cited by 47 publications

References 48 publications

Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources

An optimized tracer-based approach for estimating organic carbon emissions from biomass burning in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

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