Mass drug administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine against malaria in settings with high coverage of standard control interventions: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in The Gambia

Dabira, Edgard; Soumaré, Harouna M; Conteh, Bakary; Ceesay, Fatima; Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane; Bradley, John; Mohammed, Nuredin; Kandeh, Balla; Smit, Menno R; Slater, Hannah; Grietens, Koen Peeters; Broekhuizen, Henk; Bousema, Teun; Drakeley, Chris; Lindsay, Steve W.; Achan, Jane; D’Alessandro, Umberto

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00557-0

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…We report here the entomological effect of an intervention that aimed to reduce the human reservoir of infection using dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and vector survival and density using IVM. While both the incidence of clinical malaria and the prevalence of infection were significantly lower in the intervention villages than in the control villages [30], the effect of IVM on the vector was less evident, with some apparently contradictory results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thirty-two villages which were located at least 3 km apart were selected according to malaria prevalence determined by an earlier cross-sectional survey [31] and randomized to either the intervention (16 villages) or control group (16 villages). A buffer zone of 2-km radius was established around each intervention village to minimize contamination from neighboring untreated villages [30]. All villages within the buffer zone received the intervention although they were not included in the evaluation.…”

Section: Study Site and Trial Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Burkina Faso, repeated rounds of MDA with IVM reduced the incidence of clinical malaria, without concurrent reductions in entomological exposure indicators [29], highlighting the need for dedicated entomological evaluations on the impact of IVM on mosquito populations. Here, we report a detailed analysis of the entomological impact of MDA with IVM and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine within a cluster-randomized trial that was carried out in eastern Gambia [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomological impact of mass administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Background Vector control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa rely on insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Insecticide resistance, poor coverage of interventions, poor quality nets and changes in vector behavior threaten the effectiveness of these interventions and, consequently, alternative tools are needed. Mosquitoes die after feeding on humans or animals treated with ivermectin (IVM). Mass drug administration (MDA) with IVM could reduce vector survival and decrease malaria transmission. The entomological impact of MDA of combined IVM and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was assessed in a community-based, cluster-randomized trial. Methods A cluster-randomized trial was implemented in 2018 and 2019 in 32 villages in the Upper River Region, The Gambia. The with the inhabitants of 16 intervention villages eligible to receive three monthly rounds of MDA at the beginning of the malaria transmission season. Entomological surveillance with light traps and human landing catches (HLC) was carried out during a 7- to 14-day period after each round of MDA, and then monthly until the end of the year. The mosquitocidal effect of IVM was determined by direct membrane feeding assays. Results Of the 15,017 mosquitoes collected during the study period, 99.65% (n = 14,965) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (An. gambiae s.l.), comprising Anopheles arabiensis (56.2%), Anopheles coluzzii (24.5%), Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (An. gembiae s.s.; 16.0%) and Anopheles funestus sensu lato (An. funestus s.l.; 0.35%). No effect of the intervention on vector parity was observed. Vector density determined on light trap collections was significantly lower in the intervention villages in 2019 (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.74; P = 0.005) but not in 2018. However, vector density determined in HLC collections was similar in both the intervention and control villages. The entomological inoculation rate was significantly lower in the intervention villages than in the control villages (odds ratio: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.70; P = 0·003). Mosquito mortality was significantly higher when blood fed on IVM-treated individuals up to 21 days post-treatment, particularly in adults and individuals with a higher body mass index. Conclusion Mass drug administration with IVM decreased vector density and the entomological inoculation rate while the effect on vector parity was less clear. Survival of mosquitoes fed on blood collected from IVM-treated individuals was significantly lower than that in mosquitoes which fed on controls. The influence of host characteristics on mosquito survivorship indicated that dose optimization could improve IVM efficacy. Future detailed entomological evaluation trials in which IVM is administered as stand-alone intervention may elucidate the contribution of this drug to the observed reduction in transmission. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Study Site and Trial Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomological impact of mass administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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“…Due to the wealth of knowledge about the effects of insecticide-based VCTs on Anopheline vectors of malaria, we focus on this system, but the concepts will be generalisable to other vector-borne infectious diseases and other VCTs, including tools currently in development, such as gene drives and endectocides (compounds administered to mammalian hosts to render blood meals toxic to mosquitoes) [11,12]. Moreover, opening the black box of parasite-vector interactions may reveal how to make VCTs robust to clinically and epidemiologically unfavourable parasite counter-evolution as well as uncover new approaches for VCTs.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector control: agents of selection on malaria parasites?

Oke

Ingham

Walling

et al. 2022

Trends in Parasitology

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“…Chinese traditional medicine has achieved many good outcomes in the treatment of many diseases, such as Artemisinin for malaria, Tripterygium wilfordii for rheumatoid arthritis, etc. [8][9][10][11] Feining granule is a traditional Chinese medicine patent prescription. It is used to treat lung infections, bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis, acute respiratory tract infection, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin and Luteolin may be the New Effective Drugs for Radiation Pneumonitis: Based on a Systems Pharmacology

Zhang

Hu³

et al. 2022

Natural Product Communications

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Background: The occurrence of radiation pneumonia not only affects the efficacy of radiotherapy, but also seriously threatens the health of patients undergoing radiotherapy for lung cancer. Studies have suggested that a feining granule is a potentially effective drug for the treatment of radiation pneumonitis, but its mechanism and main components are still unclear. Our study used bioinformatics methods to analyze the main drug Aster tataricus L. f. in feining granules and aims to gain the main mechanism in the treatment of radiation pneumonitis. Methods: Analyzed the effective drug components and targets of A tataricus through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology website. And obtained gene targets related to radiation pneumonia through the website of OMIM, Genecard, and Disgenet. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the obtained drugs and gene-related targets were conducted. Verify the effects of small molecule drugs on corresponding targets by conducting molecular docking experiments. Results: In total, 193 targets were identified for 13 molecules of A tataricus, and 897 genes were identified to be related to radiation pneumonia. Finally, we obtained 111 genes by crossing drug and disease-related target genes. Using PPI, GO, and KEGG analysis, we found TP53, HSP90AA1, RELA, JUN, AKT1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ( MAPK1), tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) are the most critical genes, which were mainly focused on the GOs of DNA-binding transcription factor, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor and protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and the pathways of lipids and atherosclerosis, advanced glycation end products and their receptors, and IL-17. Conclusion: Through molecular docking experiments, it was found that the small molecules of quercetin and luteolin bind tightly to RELA and JUN proteins. We reveal the mechanism of action of A tataricus in the treatment of radiation pneumonia. Quercetin and luteolin may be effective small molecules for radiation pneumonitis.

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Mass drug administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine against malaria in settings with high coverage of standard control interventions: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in The Gambia

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Entomological impact of mass administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Entomological impact of mass administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Vector control: agents of selection on malaria parasites?

Quercetin and Luteolin may be the New Effective Drugs for Radiation Pneumonitis: Based on a Systems Pharmacology

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