Mass Die-Off of Saiga Antelopes, Kazakhstan, 2015

Fereidouni, Sasan; Freimanis, Graham; Orynbayev, Mukhit; Ribeca, Paolo; Flannery, John; King, Donald P.; Zuther, Steffen; Beer, Martin; Höper, Dirk W.; Kydyrmanov, Aidyn; Karamendin, Kobey; Kock, Richard

doi:10.3201/eid2506.180990

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The prominence of liver lesions and involvement of biliary epithelium were unusual, although they have been reported for other morbillivirus infections, including infection of wild lesser kudu ( Tragelaphus imberbis ) by the closely related rinderpest virus ( 32 ). Pathologic findings in the examined animals were not consistent with hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Pasteurella multocida, which caused large-scale saiga mortality in Kazakhstan ( 33 , 34 ). Diminished fat reserves and lymphoid depletion in PPR-positive and PPR-negative saiga was a nonspecific finding and could indicate the existence of environmental stressors, possibly explained by midwinter conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016–2017

Pruvot¹,

Fine²,

Hollinger³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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The 2016–2017 introduction of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) into livestock in Mongolia was followed by mass mortality of the critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other rare wild ungulates. To assess the nature and population effects of this outbreak among wild ungulates, we collected clinical, histopathologic, epidemiologic, and ecological evidence. Molecular characterization confirmed that the causative agent was PPRV lineage IV. The spatiotemporal patterns of cases among wildlife were similar to those among livestock affected by the PPRV outbreak, suggesting spillover of virus from livestock at multiple locations and time points and subsequent spread among wild ungulates. Estimates of saiga abundance suggested a population decline of 80%, raising substantial concerns for the species’ survival. Consideration of the entire ungulate community (wild and domestic) is essential for elucidating the epidemiology of PPRV in Mongolia, addressing the threats to wild ungulate conservation, and achieving global PPRV eradication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016–2017

Pruvot¹,

Fine²,

Hollinger³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Disease transmission between livestock and wildlife can have marked economic impact, such as African swine fever outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) in Europe and Asia ( Dixon et al, 2019 ), where the loss of 12–20% of the global pig herd in 2019 led to a 10% increase in the food price index of pork ( Pitts & Whitnall, 2019 ). The impact of disease transmission on wildlife can be seen in the loss of around half the global saiga ( Saiga tatarica ) antelope population in 2015 to Pasteurella multocida , a pathogen harboured by livestock ( Fereidouni et al, 2019 ). Contact between wildlife and livestock may also lead to conflict between humans and wildlife, with compensation for large carnivore predation and other damage costing 28.5 million euros annually in Europe ( Bautista et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review

Bacigalupo

Dixon

Gubbins

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a ‘contact’ between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.

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“…The case fatality rate due to HS can reach 90% of the animal population. An example of this is the outbreaks between 2008 and 2015, which led to a catastrophic decline in saiga populations, putting them on the brink of extinction ( 1 ). Information on the genetic diversity of P. multocida circulating in Kazakhstan among wild and particularly domestic animals is limited ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Domestic Animals in Kazakhstan

Amirgazin

Vergnaud

Mukanov

et al. 2020

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Mass Die-Off of Saiga Antelopes, Kazakhstan, 2015

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016–2017

Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016–2017

Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Domestic Animals in Kazakhstan

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