Mass detection by means of the vibrating nanomechanical resonators

Stachiv, Ivo; Fedorchenko, Alexander I.; Chen, Yeng-Long

doi:10.1063/1.3691195

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another application of the vibrational properties of CNTs are molecular gas sensors in which the mechanical response of a suspended CNT is monitored electronically or optically within a bridge (“clamped‐clamped”) or cantilever (“fixed‐free”) setup configuration (see Figure ). In this sensor concept, in addition to purely electronic detection concepts based on Schottky barrier (SB) modulation at the CNT–metal interface or a local gate field perturbation within functionalized CNT transistor channels, the fundamental frequency of a CNT (usually a few GHz) is detuned (usually a few kHz) when gas molecules (from mass 7 zg down to 7 yg) or even single gold atoms (1.66 yg) attach to it.…”

Section: Cnt Strain Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Sensor Applications

Wagner

Blaudeck

Meszmer

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Herein, the evolution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as functional material in nano‐ and microelectromechanical systems (N/MEMS) is featured. Introducing material morphologies for the CNTs in a homologue series (single CNTs—bundles, fibers, yarns—networks and thin films), different concepts for mechanical sensors based on the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the CNT materials are introduced (piezoresistive effect, strain‐induced band bending, charge tunneling). In a rigorous theoretical treatment, the limits of the achievable sensor performance (i.e., gauge factor) are derived and discussed in the context of applications. A careful literature survey shows that highest sensitivity is reached for devices exploiting the intrinsic transport properties of single CNTs. For reliability tests of such sensor systems made from nanomaterials and classical MEMS, the specimen‐centered approach (SCA) is introduced to give viable insights into the structure property relationships and failure modes of CNT mechanical sensors. CNT actuation occurs on the macro‐, micro‐, and nanoscales via atomic force microscopy, electrostatic gating, integration in N/MEMS systems, or through substrate bending.

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Section: Cnt Strain Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Sensor Applications

Wagner

Blaudeck

Meszmer

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…An alternative approach has been to employ multimode measurements [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], which can provide some degree of spatial resolution (limited by the propagation of experimental uncertainties through the "inversion kernel" [21]). The simplest example is that both the size and location of a point mass-situated along a resonator with extent primarily in one dimension-can be determined from a simultaneous measurement of two resonance frequency shifts [22][23][24][25]. In a slightly different context, multimode measurements have been shown to provide single-resonator discrimination for the mass added along an array of strongly coupled devices [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Resolved Mass Sensing of a Molecular Adsorbate Nonuniformly Distributed Along a Nanomechnical String

Biswas

Miriyala

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. Applied

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We show that the particular distribution of mass deposited on the surface of a nanomechanical resonator can be estimated by tracking the evolution of the device's resonance frequencies during the process of desorption. The technique, which relies on analytical models we have developed for the multimodal response of the system, enables mass sensing at much higher levels of accuracy than is typically achieved with a single frequencyshift measurement and no rigorous knowledge of the mass profile. We report on a series of demonstration experiments, in which the explosive molecule 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is vapor deposited along the length of a silicon nitride nanostring to create a dense, random covering of RDX crystallites on the surface. In some cases, the deposition is biased to produce distributions with a slight excess or deficit of mass at the string midpoint. The added mass is then allowed to sublimate away under vacuum conditions, with the device returning to its original state over about 4 h (and the resonance frequencies, measured via optical interferometry, relaxing back to their pre-mass-deposition values). Our claim is that the detailed time trace of observed frequency shifts is rich in information-not only about the quantity of RDX initially deposited but also about its spatial arrangement along the nanostring. The data also reveal that sublimation in this case follows a nontrivial rate law, consistent with mass loss occurring at the exposed surface area of the RDX crystallites. arXiv:1501.05647v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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“…Since the preparation of resonators in their ground states not only enables one to exploit their quantum behaviors in the field of quantum technologies [1], but also has important applications in mechanical displacement [2], quantum information processing [3,4], and mass detection [5]. Among fruitful proposals for cooling, the sideband cooling approach is one of the regular methods, based on which various cooling schemes have been put forward by coupling the resonator to a dissipative two-level system such as superconducting qubits [6][7][8][9], nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond [10,11], quantum dots [12,13], and suspended carbon nanotubes [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator with a triple quantum dot via quantum interference

Zhu

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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We employ double quantum interference to propose a ground-state cooling scheme for a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a triple quantum dot (TQD), of which the third dot is driven by a microwave field. In our scheme, the carrier transition is diminished by the destructive interference (the occurrence of a dark state) arising from the coherent tunnelings of electrons among the three dots. Furthermore, the additional transition induced by the microwave field enables the system to possess double quantum interference effect. Under certain conditions, the processes which might increase one phonon through the blue sideband transitions are prohibited due to the double destructive interference analog to double electromagnetically induced transparency mechanism. Thus, both the carrier and blue sideband transitions are canceled. The cooling process occurs when the electron trapped in the dark state absorbs one phonon of the resonator through the transition from the dark state to the bright state and then to the excited state and finally tunnels to the drain. As a result, the phonon occupation can be reduced to zero in the ideal case and the resonator can be cooled down to its ground state with high efficiency even when the dephasing of the TQD is present.

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Mass detection by means of the vibrating nanomechanical resonators

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Sensor Applications

Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Sensor Applications

Time-Resolved Mass Sensing of a Molecular Adsorbate Nonuniformly Distributed Along a Nanomechnical String

Ground-state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator with a triple quantum dot via quantum interference

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