Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies above 1017 eV According to the Data from the Muon Detectors of the Yakutsk EAS Array

Глушков, А. В.; Сабуров, А. В.

doi:10.1134/s0021364019090091

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results of the Yakutsk array for ln were obtained for four air shower components (Fig. 3) [26,44,53]. As can be seen from the figure, in the energy range of 5 EeV, the value of ln begins to increase, which indicates an increase in the mass composition.…”

Section: Igor Petrovmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estimation of depth of maximum by relative muon content in air showers with energy greater than 5 EeV measured by the Yakutsk array

Petrov¹,

Кнуренко²

2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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Characteristics of muons with a threshold ℎ ≥ 1 GeV based on the air showers data in Yakutsk array were analyzed. Quantitative estimation of muons at different distance from the shower axis and the ratio of muon and charged particles at a distance of 600 m are obtained. An empirical relationship between the fraction of muons and longitudinal development -the depth of maximum development max is found. Calculations of the muon fraction are performed using the QGSjetII-04 for different primary nuclei, and compared with experiment. Mass composition of primary particles induced air showers of highest energies is estimated from the muon component.

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Section: Igor Petrovmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estimation of depth of maximum by relative muon content in air showers with energy greater than 5 EeV measured by the Yakutsk array

Petrov¹,

Кнуренко²

2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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“…The report by Aab et al (2015a) about a muon deficit in simulations compared to measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory sparked renewed interest in the muon discrepancy and were followed by new muon measurements and the re-analysis of previously collected data from the EAS-MSU Array (Fomin et al 2017), the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (Gonzalez 2019b), the KASCADE-Grande experiment Apel et al (2017), the NEVOD-DECOR detector Bogdanov et al (2018), the SUGAR array Bellido et al (2018), Telescope Array Abbasi et al (2018a), and the Yakutsk array Glushkov and Saburov (2019). The Pierre Auger Observatory also followed up with independent measurements using vertical showers, first using shower universality (Aab et al 2016b) and then using direct muon measurements at lower energies with the AMIGA sub-array (Müller for the Pierre Auger collaboration 2019; Sánchez 2020).…”

Section: Observation Of the Muon Discrepancy In Air Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider

Albrecht

Cazón

Dembinski

et al. 2022

Astrophys Space Sci

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High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth’s atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate models of air shower physics, which is a challenge and an opportunity to test QCD under extreme conditions. Air showers are hadronic cascades, which give rise to a muon component through hadron decays. The muon number is a key observable to infer the mass composition of cosmic rays. Air shower simulations with state-of-the-art QCD models show a significant muon deficit with respect to measurements; this is called the Muon Puzzle. By eliminating other possibilities, we conclude that the most plausible cause for the muon discrepancy is a deviation in the composition of secondary particles produced in high-energy hadronic interactions from current model predictions. The muon discrepancy starts at the TeV scale, which suggests that this deviation is observable at the Large Hadron Collider. An enhancement of strangeness production has been observed at the LHC in high-density events, which can potentially explain the puzzle, but the impact of the effect on forward produced hadrons needs further study, in particular with future data from oxygen beam collisions.

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“…At the YEASa the main muon estimator is particle density at core distance 300 mρ s (300) [55]. The obtained preliminary values were included in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Muon Component Of Extensive Air Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the Yakutsk air shower array and future plans

Alekseev,

Atlasov,

Bolotnikov

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array has been continuously operating for more than 50 years (since 1970) and up until recently it has been one of world's largest ground-based instruments aimed at studying the properties of cosmic rays in the ultra-high energy domain. In this report we discuss results recently obtained at the array -on cosmic rays energy spectrum, mass composition and directional anisotropy -and how they fit into the world data. Special attention is paid to the measurements of muonic component of extensive air showers. Theoretical results of particle acceleration at shocks are also briefly reviewed. Future scientific and engineering plans on the array modernization are discussed. I. INTRODUCTIONThe only way to study the properties of cosmic rays (CR) with energies above ∼ 10 15 eV is by registering extensive air showers (EAS) -cascades of secondary particles produced by high-energy CRs hitting Earth's atmosphere. On one hand by studying the EAS properties one can investigate hadron interactions at energies unreachable for terrestrial particle acceleration technology. On the other hand -EAS method provides the basis for obtaining crucial information on primary CR properties: their energy spectrum, mass composition and distribution of arrival directions on the celestial sphere. Hence, EAS study is a dedicated area of CR physics at the intersection of astrophysics and nuclear physics.

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Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies above 1017 eV According to the Data from the Muon Detectors of the Yakutsk EAS Array

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Estimation of depth of maximum by relative muon content in air showers with energy greater than 5 EeV measured by the Yakutsk array

Estimation of depth of maximum by relative muon content in air showers with energy greater than 5 EeV measured by the Yakutsk array

The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider

Status of the Yakutsk air shower array and future plans

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