Mass casualty chemical incidents—towards guidance for public health management

Poison Centers as Information Resources for Volunteer EMS in a Suspected Chemical Exposure

“…Although Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel are often the first to respond to chemical incidents, they are often inadequately trained in the assessment, decontamination, and management of patients contaminated with toxic substances (4)(5)(6). Most large chemical incidents worldwide have been described as unprecedented and unexpected, and EMS opinion varies on how to access relevant information during these events (7).…”

“…These services include the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC), and regional poison centers (2)(3)(4)(7)(8)(9)(10). With increases in funding since 2001 for agencies related to bioterrorism preparedness and response, particularly for agencies with dual-use goals such as the response and detection of chemical incidents, it has become increasingly important to identify reliable information resources that are the most likely to be accessed for information during these events (11).…”

Identifying Factors That May Influence Decision-Making Related to the Distribution of Patients During a Mass Casualty Incident

“…Specifically, “type of disaster” is noted as a prominent factor in first responder acronyms (ie, METHANE, CHALETS, and HANE) 4 and in the literature 3 26 , 35 , 48 , 53 , 71 Furthermore, the factor standard procedures for knowledge translation (ie, education, technical training, exercises) is consistent with the World Health Organization’s Hospital Emergency Response Checklist and knowledge translation is further noted in the literature as a prominent factor 2 4 , 40 , 49 , 55 , 57 , 67 , 71…”

Addressing the Practice of Safety Management in Halal Industry – An Overview and A Step Towards Sustainable Cooperation

“…In addition to five years accident experience, experience in the case of major hazardous chemical spills, explosions, fires, fatality and huge loss of property were also reviewed. However, these kinds of disastrous accidents are rarely occur [32,33,34]. Thus, the information collected is based on halal industry's experience since its establishment.…”