Mass Budget of Perfluorooctane Surfactants in Lake Ontario

Boulanger, Bryan; Peck, Aaron M.; Schnoor, Jerald L.; Hornbuckle, Keri C.

doi:10.1021/es049044o

Cited by 120 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Minor modifications of this solvent-based method have thereafter been widely used to investigate airborne concentrations of polyfluorinated substances in e.g. the Arctic atmosphere [20], USA [21], Asia [22], industrialized and remote areas in Central Europe and less urbanized regions in the Southern Hemisphere [9]. Similar passive air sampler comprising of XAD-4 adsorbent impregnated in PUF disk has also been developed [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace determination of airborne polyfluorinated iodine alkanes using multisorbent thermal desorption/gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry

Ruan

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tA novel gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method coupled with multisorbent thermal desorption cartridges has been developed for the determination of volatile neutral polyfluorinated iodine alkanes (PFIs) in airborne samples. It allows, for the first time, simultaneous analysis of four mono-iodized perfluorinated alkanes, three diiodized perfluorinated alkanes and four mono-iodized polyfluorinated telomers in ambient air samples. 3.75 L air sample was passed through a sorbent tube packed with 150 mg of Tenax TA and 200 mg of Carbograph 1TD for analyte adsorption. Important factors during the analysis procedures, such as safe sampling volume, air sampling rate, analyte desorption and transfer strategies, were optimized and good thermal desorption efficiencies were obtained. The method detection limit (MDL) concentration ranged from 0.04 pg/L for 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl iodide to 1.2 pg/L for perfluorohexyl iodide, and instrument response of a seven-point calibration was linear in the range of 10-1000 pg. Travel spike recoveries ranged from 83% to 116%. Small variabilities of less than 36% were obtained near the MDLs and the differences between triplicates were even smaller (2.1-7.3%) at 200 pg spiked level. The method was successfully applied to analyze ambient air samples collected near a point source, and five PFIs were identified (10.8-85.0 pg/L), with none of the analytes detectable at the background site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace determination of airborne polyfluorinated iodine alkanes using multisorbent thermal desorption/gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry

Ruan

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…It has been assumed that the contaminated wastewaters from domestic, commercial, or industrial areas may be one of the principal and significant potential sources of PFCs [14,15]. WWTPs are believed as a major source of PFCs to natural waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WWTPs are believed as a major source of PFCs to natural waters. Boulanger et al reported that WWTP effluent was the largest source of PFCs discharged into the Lake Ontario [15]. Murakami et al also proposed that most PFCs in surface waters during dry weather are derived from wastewater and manufacturing effluents [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of perfluorinated compounds in seven wastewater treatment plants in Beijing urban areas

et al. 2010

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The presence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in seven major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Beijing was investigated in the current study. We detected nine PFCs in all the wastewater and sludge samples. Perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) is the dominant PFCs in influents and effluents, while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the major contaminant in sludge. The highest PFC concentration was found in plants at Qinghe and Jiuxianqiao WWTP, while the lowest was found at Fangzhuang WWTP. The total values of PFC range from 2.88 to 176 ng/L in influents, from 5.48 to 498 ng/L in effluents, and from 1.21 to 32.0 ng/g (dry wt) in sludge. The fact that effluents usually contain higher levels of PFCs than influents suggests that additional PFCs are produced during the wastewater treatment processes. However, PFOS decreases in effluents than in influents in 62% of the water samples. This may be due to the adsorption and removal of the sludge during the active process. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were found significantly correlated with each other in the effluents, which may indicate their similar sources or the existence of their potential precursors in the wastewater or treatment processes. The mass flows of PFC discharges into WWTPs are 0.4-51.4 mg/day, and the mass flows of PFCs in effluents exceed those in influents by 127%. Domestic and commercial wastewaters are suggested to be the major sources of PFC pollution in WWTPs in Beijing. perfluorinated compounds, wastewater, sludge, mass flow

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“…Another study of concentrations and mass fluxes of TFA in aquatic systems from Switzerland also ignored sediment partitioning and soil retention. [74] PFA losses to sediments were also ignored in a mass balance of these compounds in Lake Ontario, [149] but a subsequent analysis of potential sorption sensitivity towards this assumption was shown to likely be valid under the site specific conditions. [106] However, sedimentation rates in mostly oligotrophic lakes such as Lake Ontario (http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/glindicators/water/trophica.html) are expected to be much lower than in more eutrophic systems and/or lakes with large sediment inputs (such as behind hydroelectric dams).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congener specific organic carbon normalized soil and sediment-water partitioning coefficients for the C1 through C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic and sulfonic acids

Rayne

Forest

2009

Nature Precedings

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Organic carbon normalized soil and sediment-water partitioning (K oc ) coefficients were estimated for all C 1 through C 8 perfluorinated alkylsulfonic acid (PFSA) and alkylcarboxylic acids (PFCA) congeners. The limited experimental K oc dataset for the straight chain C 7 through C 10 PFCAs and C 8 and increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length and linearity increase K oc values with substantial intra-and interhomologue variation and interhomologue mixing. Variability in K oc values among the PFCA and PFSA congeners will likely lead to an enrichment of more linear and longer chain isomers in organic matter fractions, resulting in aqueous phases fractionated towards shorter chain branched congeners. The expected magnitude of fractionation will require inclusion in source apportionment models and risk assessments. A comparison of representative established quantitative structure property relationships for estimated K oc values from octanol-water partitioning constants suggests that equilibrium partitioning frameworks may be applicable towards modeling PFCA and PFSA environmental fate processes and warrants further study using other partitioning coefficients for which suitable experimental data is available.

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Mass Budget of Perfluorooctane Surfactants in Lake Ontario

Cited by 120 publications

References 20 publications

Trace determination of airborne polyfluorinated iodine alkanes using multisorbent thermal desorption/gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry

Trace determination of airborne polyfluorinated iodine alkanes using multisorbent thermal desorption/gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry

Evaluation of perfluorinated compounds in seven wastewater treatment plants in Beijing urban areas

Congener specific organic carbon normalized soil and sediment-water partitioning coefficients for the C1 through C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic and sulfonic acids

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