Mass balance of decabromodiphenyl ethane and decabromodiphenyl ether in a WWTP

Ricklund, Niklas; Kierkegaard, Amelie; McLachlan, Michael S.; Wahlberg, Cajsa

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.054

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…BFRs concentrations in this study were lower than other similar studies in other countries [22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30], however the characteristics of the landfill like the great volume of solid wastes as well as the re injection of leachates into the landfill could contribute to the release and concentration of contaminants in the landfill. …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRS) Analysis in Leachates and Sludge from a Landfill and Wastewater Plant in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Irma¹,

Elvira²,

Arturo³

et al. 2017

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRS) Analysis in Leachates and Sludge from a Landfill and Wastewater Plant in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Irma¹,

Elvira²,

Arturo³

et al. 2017

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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“…A mass balance study of a WWTP in Sweden showed that DBDPE was delivered to the plant at the rate of 8.5 mg/day per person [57]. DBDPE was efficiently transferred from the sewage influent to the digested sludge, generating a mean level of 81 ng/g dw, while only a small fraction of the influent mass flow was emitted via the effluent water (<1%).…”

Section: Sewage Water and Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Wit

Kierkegaard

Ricklund

et al. 2010

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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A number of new brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are being found in the environment but the amount of data is still very small. The best studied emerging BFRs are 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and decabromodiphenyl ethane, with some data for hexabromobenzene, pentabromoethylbenzene, pentabromotoluene, tetrabromobisphenol A derivatives, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, 2-ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Very little data are available for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether, 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether, hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane, and octabromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-phenylindane. Indoor air concentrations are generally higher than outdoor air concentrations, indicating emissions from flame-retarded products. Their presence in indoor air and dust indicates possible human exposure from this pathway, but there are little human data available to determine this. The presence of several of these BFRs in fish, birds, and mammals indicates that they are bioavailable and can be absorbed and bioaccumulated. Their presence in outdoor air and in the Arctic indicates that several are capable of long range atmospheric transport. More data on these new BFRs are needed in order to determine if they pose unacceptable risks to the environment and to human health.

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“…DBDPE has experimentally been shown to undergo debromination and thermal transformations (Kierkegaard et al, 2009). …”

Section: Chemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DBDPE was found in samples from all countries at concentrations up to 220 ng/g dry weight. This study was followed up by a mass balance study at one Swedish municipal WWTP (Ricklund et al, 2009) where it was calculated that DBDPE was delivered to the plant at a rate of 8.5 µg/day per person. DBDPE was transferred from the influent to the sludge generating a mean concentration of 81 ng/g dry weight.…”

Section: During 2005 To 2009 Salamova and Hitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

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EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) other than PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA and brominated phenols and their derivatives. The BFRs that are the subject of the current opinion, were classified in groups termed "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Information on 17 emerging and 10 novel BFRs was collected. The information varied widely for these BFRs. There is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics, stability/reactivity and current use and production volume of all the emerging and novel BFRs. Due to the very limited information on occurrence, exposure and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel could not perform a risk characterisation for any of the BFRs considered. Instead, an attempt was made to identify those BFRs that could be a potential health concern and should be considered first for future investigations. For this purpose the Panel first evaluated the available experimental data on occurrence in food, behaviour in the environment and toxicity. Secondly, a modelling exercise was performed focussing on the potential of the emerging and novel BFRs for persistence in the environment and for their possible bioaccumulation potential. There is convincing evidence that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) and dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) are genotoxic and carcinogenic, warranting further surveillance of their occurrence in the environment and in food. Based on the limited experimental data on environmental behaviour, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were identified as compounds that could raise a concern for bioaccumulation. For the modelling exercise, the CONTAM Panel selected two environmental characteristics, overall persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, as being most relevant to provide insight into the possibility that emerging or novel BFRs The less well known and less studied BFRs, subject of the current opinion, were grouped into two classes, referred to herein as "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Emerging BFRs are defined as chemicals which are applied as flame retardants and that have been identified in any environmental compartment, in wildlife, in food or in humans. It should be noted that the definition for the emerging BFRs, used in this opinion, does not imply that there is evidence for an increasing trend in the concentration of these BFRs in the environment, in food or in human samples. Novel BFRs are defined as chemicals applied as flame retardants, with confirmed presence in materials and/or goods in concentrations above 0.1 %, but not identified in environmental samples, wildlife, food or humans. In total, information on 27 BFRs, of which 17 were identified as "emerging" and 10 as "novel", was collected by the CONTAM Panel, and it was noted that the available information varied widely for the various individual BFRs.In general, there is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics and stability/reactivity for all the emerging and novel BFRs. This sometimes hampered ...

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Mass balance of decabromodiphenyl ethane and decabromodiphenyl ether in a WWTP

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRS) Analysis in Leachates and Sludge from a Landfill and Wastewater Plant in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRS) Analysis in Leachates and Sludge from a Landfill and Wastewater Plant in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

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