Masonry Walls under Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loadings

Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar; Dhanasekar, Manicka

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001930

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Loading protocol adopted in the IP-OP interaction study is similar to the one followed by Noor and Dhanasekar. 10 First, precompression is applied to the pier, and then a prescribed level of OP uniform load is applied while keeping the precompression level constant. Finally, with precompression and OP load applied, IP lateral load is applied until failure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls

Kesavan

Menon

2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prior to implementing retrofitting measures for seismic action, it is necessary to evaluate the global capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Even with simplified assumptions, equivalent frame (EF) modeling adequately captures global responses and failure mechanisms in existing buildings, making it a popular modeling strategy among structural engineers. However, macroelements employed in the EF modeling of URM walls consider in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) behaviors separately by decoupling their interaction and require independent verification for OP failure involving limit analysis. Such decoupling of interaction is justifiable if proper wall-wall/wall-floor connections and rigid-diaphragm action of slabs are ensured; however, OP failure is likely a result of inadequate connections. Multiple components of ground motion excitation and plan eccentricity in buildings can activate bidirectional interaction in such circumstances. Due to OP damage, the interaction reduces the full IP strength of a URM wall, resulting in overestimating its lateral capacity. This paper proposes a frame-like 3D macro-element incorporating the effect of OP action on the IP shear response of URM piers under static and monotonic lateral loads. Only two parameters modifying IP shear stiffness and capacity are required to account for the interaction. Analytical expressions for the interaction parameters are proposed from a detailed micro-modeling study. The paper also demonstrates, within the EF modeling, the applicability of the proposed macro-element for seismic analysis of regular URM shear walls with openings.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls

Kesavan

Menon

2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a masonry structure, FEM analysis can be performed using various modelling approaches. These include macroelement and micro-modelling approaches [8]. The most refined approach used by other researchers is micro-modelling [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nonlinear Finite Element Models of Mortar-Free Interlocked Single Block Column Subjected to Lateral Loading

Qamar

Qin

2021

Arab J Sci Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Around the globe, the need for additional housing, due to the increase in world population, has led to the exploration of more cost effective and environmentally friendly forms of construction. Out of many technologies found, mortar-free interlocked masonry systems were developed to eliminate the deficiency of traditional masonry. For such systems against earthquakes, lateral resistance can be enhanced with plaster. But there is a need to further improve the performance of plaster in mortar-free interlocking walls for better ductility. The objective of this study is to develop nonlinear finite element (NLFE) models to explore the likely failure mechanism (e.g. bond failure) of such systems and to do parametric studies more cheaply than constructing many walls. Lateral failure load, load–displacement curves and crack patterns were compared with the experimental results. Parametric studies involving variation in block and plaster compressive strength and plaster thickness were undertaken using TNO DIANA NLFE models. A 150% increase in thickness of plaster only resulted in 28% increase in failure load, and column thickness can be reduced to theoretical 25 mm of blocks with 8 mm of plaster and yet exceed the lateral strength of a 150-mm-thick unplastered column. A cost analysis was also carried out, based on NLFE models, and showed that fibrous plastered column with 25-mm-thickness blocks gave equivalent performance to the 150-mm-thick unplastered column with 67% cost saving.

show abstract

“…The positive effects of the previously discussed strengthening systems have been demonstrated in many scientific works [19,20,21,22,23]. Great confirmations have been provided by the experimental activity [19,20], but also by the numerical activity [21,22,23]. The common experimental approach is based on statically- or dynamically-tested masonry specimens before and after the strengthening intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Masonry Strengthened with Composites

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, two main fiber strengthening systems typically applied in masonry structures have been investigated: composites made of basalt and hemp fibers, coupled with inorganic matrix. Starting from the experimental results on composites, the out-of-plane behavior of the strengthened masonry was assessed according to several numerical analyses. In a first step, the ultimate behavior was assessed in terms of P (axial load)-M (bending moment) domain (i.e., failure surface), changing several mechanical parameters. In order to assess the ductility capacity of the strengthened masonry elements, the P-M domain was estimated starting from the bending moment-curvature diagrams. Key information about the impact of several mechanical parameters on both the capacity and the ductility was considered. Furthermore, the numerical analyses allow the assessment of the efficiency of the strengthening system, changing the main mechanical properties. Basalt fibers had lower efficiency when applied to weak masonry. In this case, the elastic properties of the masonry did not influence the structural behavior under a no tension assumption for the masonry. Conversely, their impact became non-negligible, especially for higher values of the compressive strength of the masonry. The stress-strain curve used to model the composite impacted the flexural strength. Natural fibers provided similar outcomes, but a first difference regards the higher mechanical compatibility of the strengthening system with the substrate. In this case, the ultimate condition is due to the failure mode of the composite. The stress-strain curves used to model the strengthening system are crucial in the ductility estimation of the strengthened masonry. However, the behavior of the composite strongly influences the curvature ductility in the case of higher compressive strength for masonry. The numerical results discussed in this paper provide the base to develop normalized capacity models able to provide important information on the out-of-plane behavior of masonry elements strengthened with inorganic matrix and several kinds of fibers, both synthetic and natural.

show abstract

Masonry Walls under Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loadings

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls

A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls

Development of Nonlinear Finite Element Models of Mortar-Free Interlocked Single Block Column Subjected to Lateral Loading

Numerical Investigation of Masonry Strengthened with Composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About