“…On closing the laparotomy, gowns and gloves were changed, a new table was used with specific surgical material (needle holders, forceps, and separators), and a clean, dry field was obtained with use of new sterile drapes. 27,28 The surgical wound was washed with 500 mL of normal saline before skin closure. 29 Measures were applied to achieve normothermia (Ϸ36.6°C) during the procedure and for 3 to 6 hours after the operation 30 ; body temperature was measured with an esophageal probe.…”