Masking by pattern in random-dot stereograms

Vernoy, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(76)90261-3

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Notably, Vernoy (1976), working with cyclopean stimuli, created isoluminant target and mask composed of random dots and obtained a clear type A metacontrast function. In his experiment again, an upper bound for the target/mask energy ratio can be equated to the ratio of the areas, which is 0.33.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we demonstrate the possibility of metacontrast with second-order stimuliVsee Vernoy (1976) for a related demonstration using cyclopean stimuli. We use two types of second-order features (see Figures 1B and 1C): first, we vary local orientation on a random binary texture, and second, on the same type of textures, we introduce coherent local movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of visual masking revealed by second-order metacontrast

Sackur

2011

Journal of Vision

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Metacontrast is a powerful visual illusion by which the visibility of a brief stimulus is drastically reduced when it is followed by a snugly fitting second, masking stimulus. There have been longstanding debates about the levels at which metacontrast mechanisms operate and about the temporal unfolding of the masking effect. Here, we use second-order features (texture and movement) in order to set a lower bound to the level at which metacontrast may be found. First, we show that interactions of two second-order stimuli readily produce typical metacontrast masking. We then create second-order single-transient stimuli that induce visual percepts when a random uniform texture is locally replaced by a similar random uniform texture. We show that these ultra-brief stimuli can be used both as target and mask. Using these single-transient stimuli, we seek to disentangle the relative contributions of mask onset and offset. Results suggest that, at least in the context of second-order masking, nearly all of the mask's effectiveness is due to the very first visual event that follows the target.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of visual masking revealed by second-order metacontrast

Sackur

2011

Journal of Vision

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“…The low target visibility at short SOAs using second-order stimuli can be interpreted as evidence that the metacontrast effect on the target processing takes place in a lower hierarchical level, necessary for the processing of secondorder stimuli. In contrast, with second-order stimuli Type-A metacontrast functions were still found (Albrecht & Mattler, 2016;Sackur, 2011;Vernoy, 1976) which speaks in favor for the idea that the target processing at long SOAs takes place in higher areas of the visual hierarchy, compared to short SOAs. Texture-defined stimuli were assumed to eliminate lowlevel lateral inhibition mechanism, making it possible to examine the role of higher-level mechanism like reentrant processing, which was found to be interrupted under backward masking, whereas the early feedforward sweep was left intact (Fahrenfort et al, 2007).…”

Section: Processes Underlying Metacontrast Maskingmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Masking effects with contrast-defined stimuli were assumed to include lateral inhibition mechanism (Fahrenfort et al, 2007;Vernoy, 1976), which are among others responsible for contour formation or contrast perception (Weisstein, 1968).…”

Section: Processes Underlying Metacontrast Maskingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences in results may be explained by differences in design of the stimuli. While the texture-defining stimuli, which yielded Type-A functions (Sackur, 2011;Vernoy, 1976) were composed of pixels, Tapia et al's (2011) stimuli consisted of line elements that, due to their length, tended to give the impression of a contour by contrast differences and therefore could rather worked as first-order stimuli.…”

Section: Processes Underlying Metacontrast Maskingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenological considerations of metacontrast masking

Koster¹

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Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13.03.2019 II Acknowledgements My sincere thanks go to all my colleagues for the very nice cooperation over the past years. Passionate discussions and a good portion of humor have made working very pleasant. I am very grateful for the fruitful cooperation that and I will miss you. Especially my supervisors, Uwe Mattler, Hannes Rakoczy and Thorsten Albrecht helped me a lot to advance my work with constructive criticism, emotional support and inspiration. I have always found an open ear and the willingness to support me with problems. Thank you very much for your support over the last three years. Of course, I would never have been able to work without the support of the student assistants who accompanied me during my doctorate: Alexander Kraut, Judith Diele, Charlotte Fink, Selin Altiok und Katja Lorenz. Thank you very much for your great cooperation.My thanks also go to my family and friends, who cheered me up in difficult times and without whom life would be half as beautiful. In particular I would like to thank my husband, who is always there for me with help and advice, who believes in me and supports me. I would like to dedicate the last thought to my daughter who made it possible to finish my work in spite of her presence. I am very happy that you are with us.

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Metacontrast masking with texture-defined second-order stimuli

2011

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We examine metacontrast masking with texture-defined second-order stimuli. Our results reveal that (1) the monotonic type A as well as the nonmonotonic (U-shaped) type B metacontrast effect, which has been extensively examined with first-order luminance-defined stimuli, can be obtained with texture-defined second-order stimuli; and (2) while variations of luminance contrast are known to affect the magnitude of metacontrast with first-order stimuli, neither the size nor orientation contrast between texture elements defining the second-order stimuli have a significant impact on the magnitude or shape of metacontrast. These findings bear on theories of metacontrast masking by showing that the mechanism giving rise to nonmonotonic masking effects can operate beyond the level of first-order stimulus processing.

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Masking by pattern in random-dot stereograms

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamics of visual masking revealed by second-order metacontrast

Dynamics of visual masking revealed by second-order metacontrast

Phenomenological considerations of metacontrast masking

Metacontrast masking with texture-defined second-order stimuli

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