Masked semantic priming effects from the prime's orthographic neighbours

Kusunose, Yuu; Hino, Yasushi; Lupker, Stephen J.

doi:10.1080/20445911.2015.1134542

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies demonstrating semantic priming of masked words all attribute the effects to the intrinsic semantic relationship between the prime and the target, or between the prime and the response itself (Bottini et al, 2016). Semantic priming of masked neighbours was also proposed to depend on either the task being categorical in nature (Bell et al, 2015), or semantic information being strategically useful (Kusunose et al, 2016). The current study shows for the first time that semantic priming can occur for arbitrarily linked stimuli, and in a context where semantic was completely task-irrelevant (prime-task associations could be established purely on a perceptual basis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a subsequent study using Japanese word/non-word neighbours as masked prime managed to find semantic priming effects in a lexical decision task, which does not require any semantic processing (Kusunose et al, 2016). Importantly, such effect was only found when the experiment included other semantically related word-target pairs as fillers.…”

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Whether the semantic processing of words is cascaded or form first is also being debated. The findings by Bell et al, (2015) and Kusunose et al, (2016) suggest that cascaded activation (assessed using word neighbours) is task-and context-dependent, occurring only when the task is categorical in nature or when semantic information is useful. This proposal was assessed by Experiments 2 and 3 in the current study (see Table 2).…”

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two contrasting models are proposed to explain how semantic information is retrieved from words (Bell et al, 2015;Forster & Hector, 2002;Kusunose, Hino, & Lupker, 2016). In cascaded models, semantic processing occurs continuously, even before word identification (perceptual match between an input and a lexical representation) is completed.…”

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unconscious preparation: Effects of prime visibility on semantic generalization of task priming

Zher-Wen

2021

British J of Psychology

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Studies found that subliminal primes can be associated with specific tasks to facilitate task performance, and such learning is highly adaptive and generalizable. Meanwhile, conditioning studies suggest that aversive/reward learning and generalization actually occur at the semantic level. The current study shows that prime-task associations can also be generalized to novel word/neighbour primes from the same semantic category, and this occurs without contingency awareness. Previous studies have counterintuitively suggested that both the learning of task priming and the semantic priming of word neighbours depend on the lack of visibility. Here, we show that semantic generalization indeed depends on reduced visibility, but cannot occur subliminally. The current study shows for the first time that semantic learning and generalization can occur without any emotional or motivational factors, and that semantic priming can occur for arbitrarylinked stimuli in a context completely devoid of semantics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semantic Processing Of Subliminal Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unconscious preparation: Effects of prime visibility on semantic generalization of task priming

Zher-Wen

2021

British J of Psychology

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“…1 2 0 1 9 1-10 1 e.g., butter-DOC-TOR e.g., Lupker, 1984;Meyer & Schvaneveldt, 1971;Neely, 1977;Seidenberg, Waters, Sanders, & Langer, 1984 automatic spreading activation e.g., Neely, 1977 e.g Bourassa & Besner, 1998;Kusunose, Hino, & Lupker, 2016;Perea & Lupker, 2003e.g., e.g., e.g., Coltheart, Davelaar, Jonasson, & Besner, 1977e.g., Bell, Forster, & Drake, 2015Forster & Hector, 2002;Hino, Lupker, & Taylor, 2012;Kusunose et al, 2016;Rodd, 2004 Forster & Hector 2002 e.g., turtle e.g., TURPLE e.g., bishop e.g., CISHOP Note. e number of senses were counted using Umesao et al 1995 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of a prime’s orthographic neighbors on masked semantic priming

Kusunose

Hino

2019

NINCHISHINRIGAKUKENKYU

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Although many studies, which have employed the lexical decision task with masked primes presented for less than 50 ms, have not observed semantic priming e ects for directly related prime-target pairs, a signicant priming e ect has been repeatedly reported when a prime is an orthographic neighbor of a target. In order to examine when a signi cant priming e ect arises with masked primes, we conducted a lexical decision task for synonymous prime-target pairs with masked primes presented for 33 ms. We also manipulated the number of senses possessed by the synonymous prime-target pairs. While a signi cant priming e ect was observed using word pairs with few-sense primes and many-sense targets, null e ect was observed for word pairs using many-sense primes and few-sense targets. More importantly, for both types of synonymous pairs, lexical decision latencies were modulated by semantic relatedness ratings collected between the prime s orthographic neighbors and the target. ese results suggest that, within the early stages of word recognition, semantic activation arises not only for the presented word itself but also for its orthographic neighbors.

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Do visible semantic primes preactivate lexical representations?

Taikh

Lupker

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Considerable research effort has been devoted to investigating semantic priming effects, particularly, the locus of those effects. Semantically related primes might activate their target’s lexical representation (through automatic spreading activation at short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), or through generation of words expected to follow the prime at longer SOAs). Alternately, semantically related primes might aid responding after target identification (i.e., postlexically). In contrast, masked orthographic priming effects appear to be lexical and automatic. Lexical processing of targets is facilitated by orthographically similar nonword primes and often inhibited by orthographically similar word primes (Davis & Lupker, 2006). Using the lexical-decision task (LDT), we found additivity between the facilitative effects of visible semantic primes and the facilitative effects of masked orthographically similar nonword primes at long and short SOAs, consistent with a postlexical locus of the semantic priming effects. Also consistent with this conclusion, semantic primes affected the skew of the distribution (larger effects on longer latency trials), whereas masked orthographic primes did not. In a final experiment, visible primes that were semantically related to the masked orthographic word primes did not make those primes more effective lexical inhibitors of orthographically similar targets (independent of SOA). Taken together, our findings suggest that the impact of a semantic prime is not to increase the lexical activation of related concepts. Rather, they suggest that the locus of semantic priming effects in LDTs is postlexical, in that discovering the existence of a relationship between the prime and target biases participants to make a “word” response.

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Masked semantic priming effects from the prime's orthographic neighbours

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Unconscious preparation: Effects of prime visibility on semantic generalization of task priming

Unconscious preparation: Effects of prime visibility on semantic generalization of task priming

The role of a prime’s orthographic neighbors on masked semantic priming

Do visible semantic primes preactivate lexical representations?

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