Mask-Wearing Behavior at the 2021 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament

Vest, Joshua R.; Blackburn, Justin; Cash‐Goldwasser, Shama; Bergquist, Eleanor Peters; Embí, Peter J.

doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14057

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For enhanced surveillance activities during EURO 2020, a specific identifier was marked in the system for each case within the observation period that might have had an association with the games to facilitate communication and timely case detection by local health authorities [ 77 ]. In addition, some image-based technologies of mask-wearing detection could contribute to monitoring the athletes’ and spectators’ mask-wearing behaviors during sports events [ 78 ] ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events. Methods The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events’ features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases’ epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized. Results A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms. Conclusions This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…However, they did not feel the need to obtain instructions or advice on this matter. In previous studies, 70–75% of individuals in the public area or during mass gatherings wore their masks correctly ( 8 , 23 ). This estimate of mask wearing was lower than the 80% threshold suggested as necessary to reduce the spread of COVID-19 ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social representations of mask wearing in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Bornand

Letourneux

Deschanvres

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionAlthough one of the most prominent interventions against COVID-19, face masks seem poorly adopted by the general population. A growing body of literature has found that using face masks has social meaning. This qualitative study assessed the perceptions, representations and practices of mask wearing in the general population.MethodsA qualitative survey by short semi-structured walking interviews was carried out from April to December 2021 in 11 cities in France's Pays de la Loire region. Study locations were selected for their varied geographical, social, and economic characteristics, with urbanized and rural areas. Four domains linked to perceptions of masks and wearing them were explored: (i) evolution in mask wearing, (ii) decision-making methods for wearing and not wearing; (iii) incorporating the mask into way of life; (iv) projecting into the future.ResultsA total of 116 people were interviewed. Masks marked a shift from the ordinary world to the pandemic. Overall, interviewees considered masks an obstacle to breathing, communication, and social interactions, leading to establishing strategies circumventing the mask mandate. Poor attention was paid to their medical usefulness as an obligatory clothing accessory. Mask-wearing decisions were driven by social relations, common sense, and vulnerability. The greater the feeling of security (i.e., being with close relatives), the less it was worn or worn properly, with decreased attention to others and their health. Most participants did not remember learning to wear a mask. Some were convinced that mask-wearing could not be learned (experiential knowledge). Institutions (school and work) played a central role by facilitating incorporation of masks into daily life.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the need to reinforce the individual medical values of face masks to prevent COVID-19. Ambitious education and training programmes should be planned to learn how and when to wear masks. Institutions (work and school) may be critical for this purpose.

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“…This method was favoured over a self-reported survey method because the risk of information bias is lower. We used a sampling methodology based on published studies and on a report released by Resolve to Save Lives ( 20 , 23 , 26 , 27 )). The two observers were themselves students.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures is high among university-level students in Québec, Canada

Pilon¹,

Turcitu²,

Allard³

2022

CCDR

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Background: Canada's nationwide lockdown to curb coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections affected many sectors of activity, including universities. During the 2020-2021 academic year, all students were forced to follow their lectures from home and the only inperson activity permitted to Québec university level students was to study in designated spaces of campus libraries where COVID-19 preventive measures were in place and mandatory at all times for all staff and students. The objective of this study is to evaluate university-level students' compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures in a Québec campus library.Methods: A direct in-person evaluation by a trained observer was put in place to assess students' compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures defined as proper mask wearing and 2 meter distancing. Measurements were made each Wednesday, Saturday, and Sunday at 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 6 p.m. from March 28 to April 25, 2021, in a university library in Québec, Canada.Results: Students' compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures was high overall (78.4%) and increased over the weeks, with differences between weeks, weekdays, and time of day. Non-compliance was lower on weeks three and four of the assessment compared with week one, and higher on Sunday compared with Wednesday. Differences seen throughout the day were not statistically significant. Non-compliance with physical distancing was rarely seen. Conclusion:Most university-level students are compliant with COVID-19 preventive measures in a Québec university library: an encouraging behaviour from a public health perspective. These findings may support public health authorities or university administrators in decisions regarding different COVID-19 preventive measures directed to different universities settings, as this method can be applied to focused, rapid observational studies and can lead to data of sufficient statistical power.

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Mask-Wearing Behavior at the 2021 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Social representations of mask wearing in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures is high among university-level students in Québec, Canada

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