Masculinizing Genital Surgery: An Imaging Primer for the Radiologist

Annen, Alvin W.; Heston, Aaron L.; Dugi, Daniel; Dy, Geolani W.; Bluebond-Langner, Rachel; Jensen, Kyle K.; Berli, Jens U.

doi:10.2214/ajr.19.21597

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Contrary to the colpectomy technique used in our centre where we dissect the entire vaginal epithelium, other centres may use an ablative procedure with electrocautery to create scarring and closure of the vaginal cavity. 9 , 10 Studies by Nikolavsky and Dy do not clarify which colpectomy technique was used, however this might explain the difference in incidence in our population compared to the percentages mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Perineal Cyst in Transgender Men: A Rare Complication Following Gender Affirming Surgery – A Case Series and Literature Overview

et al. 2021

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Introduction Genital gender affirming surgery (gGAS) is usually the final stage in the medical transition for transgender men and consists of creating a neophallus and neo-scrotum, with or without urethral lengthening(UL). To reduce the complication risks of UL, a mandatory colpectomy is performed prior to UL. Colpectomy is considered a complex surgery, which may lead to various perioperative complications. There are few long-term complications reported. Aim To describe the clinical presentation and management of 3 consecutive transgender men presenting with a perineal cyst following gGAS. Methods After obtaining informed consent all clinical data was collected, including medical history, current symptoms, imaging, as well as surgery and histological outcomes. Furthermore, a literature search was performed. Main outcome measure To hypothesize the aetiology of the perineal cyst based on current published literature. Results Three otherwise healthy transgender men, ages 26–46 with a similar medical history, presented with a perineal cyst several months or years following colpectomy and gGAS with UL. All patients underwent surgery to remove the cyst. Several theories regarding aetiology of this perineal cyst are discussed in this report. Conclusion There remain several gaps in our knowledge regarding the aetiology and management of this perineal cyst. Therefore, further research is necessary. Asseler JD, Ronkes BL, Groenman FA, et al. Perineal Cyst in Transgender Men: A Rare Complication Following Gender Affirming Surgery – A Case Series and Literature Overview. J Sex Med 2021;9:100415.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Perineal Cyst in Transgender Men: A Rare Complication Following Gender Affirming Surgery – A Case Series and Literature Overview

et al. 2021

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“…In a radial forearm phalloplasty, the skin and nerves from the forearm based on the radial artery and cephalic vein, are harvested and transferred to the groin. Anastomosis of the artery and vein to either branches of the femoral artery or the deep inferior epigastric artery and the saphenous vein are performed under the microscope [12]. To create the urethra the tissue is tubed once to form the urethra and then again to form the envelope of the phallus.…”

Section: Phalloplastymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard CTA from the pelvis to the tibial tuberosity can be performed with 1 mm slice image reconstructions [12]. The main parameters that CTA is used to determine are pedicle length and subcutaneous thickness of the flap.…”

Section: Preoperative Radiologic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrum of imaging findings in gender-affirming genital surgery: Intraoperative photographs, normal post-operative anatomy, and common complications

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, distal perforators are more often intramuscular and necessitate a more difficult intramuscular dissection. Pre-operative CT angiography (CTA) can assist decision-making by identifying the laterality that is most likely to have numerous perforators in the desired flap location and have the highest take off of the lateral femoral circumflex artery, allowing for greater pedicle length for flap transposition [31] . In addition to CTA, we routinely perform hand-held Doppler exams in our clinic to document the location of audible perforators.…”

Section: C1 Alt -Absence Of or Failure To Include Distal Perforatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial flap loss in transgender phalloplasty using the anterolateral thigh or forearm - a systematic literature review

2020

Plast Aesthet Res

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Aim: In this study, we systematically review the current literature regarding partial flap loss (PFL) for the two most commonly performed types of phalloplasty, the radial forearm and the anterolateral thigh flaps. The primary purpose is to synthesize the available information to clarify anatomic location, etiology, extent of flap loss, and management thereof. Second, we utilize this information to inform strategies to mitigate the risk of PFL. Methods: A systematic review of all abstracts published on phalloplasty on PubMed was performed. Abstracts were reviewed by two senior authors who included all studies discussing flap-related outcomes after radial forearm free flap (RFFF) phalloplasty or anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) phalloplasty for the treatment of gender dysphoria. Primary variables collected include: flap type, PFL rate, anatomic location, extent of and management of PFL.

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Masculinizing Genital Surgery: An Imaging Primer for the Radiologist

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Perineal Cyst in Transgender Men: A Rare Complication Following Gender Affirming Surgery – A Case Series and Literature Overview

Perineal Cyst in Transgender Men: A Rare Complication Following Gender Affirming Surgery – A Case Series and Literature Overview

Spectrum of imaging findings in gender-affirming genital surgery: Intraoperative photographs, normal post-operative anatomy, and common complications

Partial flap loss in transgender phalloplasty using the anterolateral thigh or forearm - a systematic literature review

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