Masculinity and male survivors of wartime sexual violence: a Bosnian case study

Clark, Janine Natalya

doi:10.1080/14678802.2017.1338422

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Sexual violence, including rape, against women and men was a prominent feature of this conflict. In the case of women, it occurred on a mass scale (Clark 2017). It was integral to a broader campaign of the conduct of war and intimidation of the civilian population, as well as a result of opportunistic behavior in the context of the breakdown of law and order (Hansen 2000).…”

Section: Gender-based Violence In Bosnia In War and Peacementioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Kostovicova

Bojičić-Dželilović

Henry

2020

International Feminist Journal of Politics

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Current understandings of why and how gender-based violence continues beyond the end of conflict remain siloed along theoretical and disciplinary lines. Recent scholarship has addressed the neglected structural dimension when examining the incidence and variation of post-conflict gender-based violence. In particular, continuum of violence and feminist political economy perspectives have offered accounts of gender-based violence during and after conflict. However, these approaches overlook how war and postwar economic processes interact over time and co-constitute the material basis for the continuation of gender-based violence. The war and postwar political economy perspective that we leverage examines critically the distinction, both in theory and practice, between global and local dynamics, and between formal and informal actors in post-conflict societies. Exposing these neglected structural and historical interconnections with evidence from post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, we demonstrate that the material basis of genderbased violence is a cumulative result of political and socioeconomic dynamics along the war-to-peace trajectory. Our findings point to the need to be attentive to the enduring material consequences of interests and incentives formed through war, and to the impact of postwar global governance ideologies that transform local conditions conducive to genderbased violence.

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Section: Gender-based Violence In Bosnia In War and Peacementioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Kostovicova

Bojičić-Dželilović

Henry

2020

International Feminist Journal of Politics

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“…In their study of postconflict Sri Lanka using list experiments (which allow for anonymous reporting), Traunmüller, Kijewski, and Freitag (forthcoming) suggest that men were half as likely to report sexual violence in comparison to women but men were twice as likely to experience sexual violence. Hence, existing research may underestimate levels of sexual violence against men, underscoring the need for more attention to the social stigmas preventing male survivors from coming forward (Grey and Shepherd 2012; Clark 2017). 2…”

Section: Sexual Violence and Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent research suggests that men’s victimization during conflict has been underestimated due to underreporting (Traunmüller, Kijewski, and Freitag forthcoming). Existing studies show pervasive sexual violence against men during wartime, and male-dominated contexts like detention centers, prisons, and prisoner of war camps create opportunities for the sexual abuse and exploitation of captive males (Olujic 1998; All Survivors 2017; Eichert 2018). Furthermore, some research on the social and psychological effects of sexual violence suggests that male survivors may experience greater social stigma than female survivors (Anderson and Doherty 2008; Stemple 2009; Bullock and Beckson 2011; Rumney 2009; Clark 2017; Davies 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies show pervasive sexual violence against men during wartime, and male-dominated contexts like detention centers, prisons, and prisoner of war camps create opportunities for the sexual abuse and exploitation of captive males (Olujic 1998; All Survivors 2017; Eichert 2018). Furthermore, some research on the social and psychological effects of sexual violence suggests that male survivors may experience greater social stigma than female survivors (Anderson and Doherty 2008; Stemple 2009; Bullock and Beckson 2011; Rumney 2009; Clark 2017; Davies 2002). However, it is presently unclear whether public responses are conditioned by conflict-related identities of victims and perpetrators, and how postconflict societies respond to either female or male survivors and their needs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confronting Wartime Sexual Violence: Public Support for Survivors in Bosnia

Page

Whitt

2019

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Existing research on conflict-related sexual violence focuses on the motivations of perpetrators and effects on survivors. What remains less clear is how postconflict societies respond to the hardships survivors face. In survey experiments in Bosnia, we examine public support for financial aid, legal aid, and public recognition for survivors. First, we find a persistent ethnocentric view of sexual violence, where respondents are less supportive when the perpetrator is identified as co-ethnic and survivors are perceived as out-groups. Second, respondents are less supportive of male survivors than female survivors, which we attribute to social stigmas surrounding same-gender sexual activity. Consistent with our argument, those who are intolerant of homosexuality are especially averse to providing aid to male survivors. This study points to the long-term challenges survivors face due to ethnic divisions and social stigmatization from sexual violence.

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“…In contrast, male sexual assault receives less attention, but awareness is growing, particularly in light of the recent revelations of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests. Previous research on male sexual assault has often focused on specific forms of sexual violence, such as child sexual abuse (Alaggia and Millington 2008;Dube et al 2005;Fergusson et al 1996) or sexual assault in institutional settings (Scarce 1997;Wooden and Parker 1982) and in areas of armed conflict (Clark 2017;Sivakumaran 2007). Regardless of gender, studies show that sexual assault has a profound impact on the psychosocial well-being of the victims, who report suffering from anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, self-harming behavior and suicidality (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking with Norms of Masculinity: Men Making Sense of Their Experience of Sexual Assault

Petersson

Plantin

2019

Clin Soc Work J

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In recent years, the sexual assault of males has received growing attention both in the research literature and among the public. Much of the research has focused on documenting prevalence rates or the psychological consequences of male sexual assault. However, this article aims to understand how men, as gendered, embodied and affective subjects, make sense of their experiences of sexual assault. In-depth interviews with ten adult males who have experienced sexual assault have been analyzed using a phenomenological approach in order to learn more about their lived and gendered experience. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (a) conflicting feelings and difficult conceptualizations, (b) re-experiencing vulnerability, (c) emotional responses and resistance, and (d) disclosure and creativity. The findings suggest that the ways in which men navigate norms of masculinity shape the way they understand, process and articulate their lived experience of sexual assault. As a way of coping with the experience and of healing from a past that is still present, the study participants perform an alternative masculine identity.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Charlotte C. Petersson holds a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Gothenburg. Her work focuses on sexual health and gender violence in international settings. She is affiliated with the Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies at the Department of Social work, Malmö University, Sweden.Lars Plantin is a professor in Social work at Malmö University, Sweden. He works at the Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies and is currently conducting research on men and sexual abuse, sexual consent and sexual and reproductive rights among persons who sell sex.

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Masculinity and male survivors of wartime sexual violence: a Bosnian case study

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Confronting Wartime Sexual Violence: Public Support for Survivors in Bosnia

Breaking with Norms of Masculinity: Men Making Sense of Their Experience of Sexual Assault

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