Mary Gutteridge: Transnational Careering in the Field of Early Childhood Education

Histories of teachers in Australia and New Zealand from the 1970s to the present

“…Collins (2005Collins ( , 2016 has highlighted New Zealand women's work in training Catholic teachers, and Pountney (2000) and Taylor's (2018) autobiographies are significant contributions to the history of teacher educators in New Zealand. Whitehead (2014aWhitehead ( , 2016 has studied two Kindergarten Training College principals in Australia but women teacher educators' work has sometimes been overlooked in favour of their leadership in other fields. For example, Martha Simpson is well-known as a curriculum innovator (Petersen, 1983;Jones, 2014) rather than a teacher educator in New South Wales.…”

“…Transnational careers were not the sole prerogative of university graduates. Rees (2016) and Whitehead (2014aWhitehead ( , 2016 showed that Australian women educators in the field of early childhood education were studying and/or working abroad in the early twentieth century. Australian women teachers were also recruited to work in South African concentration camp schools between 1901 and 1904 (Anae, 2016).…”

Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the First World War

“…St John Clarke was a VAD nurse in Mussoorie, India, and Sommerville College Hospital, Oxford, before becoming "unit administrator of Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps" (Sydney Morning Herald, 1927, p. 4). Gutteridge resigned from the Church of England Girls Grammar School in Melbourne and spent two years as a VAD nurse at the New Zealand 2nd General Hospital at Walton On Thames, while her brothers were in Gallipoli and France (Whitehead, 2014). Edwards was teaching in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, when war began and spent the early years organising and sending parcels and letters to soldiers (Western Argus, 1917, p. 7).…”

“…The participation of individual Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the war effort has been cited in several studies (e.g. Mackinnon, 1997;Morris Matthews, 2008;Noakes, 2004;Whitehead, 2014), and Triolo (2012) has highlighted their work in classrooms and school communities, but there is an absence of discussion about women teachers as an occupational cohort in wartime Australia and New Zealand.…”

“…In keeping with recent moves towards comparative and transnational feminist histories (Morgan, 2009;Morris Matthews, 2008, 2017Fitzgerald and Smyth, 2014;Whitehead, 2014), our paper focuses on Australian and New Zealand women teachers' agency on their respective home fronts and abroad during the First World War. As Fitzgerald and Smyth (2014) note, "framing women educators as actors in their own lives emphasises their ability to influence, shape and act in the world" (p. 6).…”