Martian Dust

Newman, C. E.; Bertrand, Tanguy; Fenton, L. K.; Guzewich, Scott D.; Jackson, Brian; Lewis, S. R.; Mischna, M. A.; Montabone, L.; Wellington, Danika

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818234-5.00143-7

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…An improved understanding of surface lifting and atmospheric transport is also required for accurate simulation of the dust cycle and prediction of dust storms in Mars climate models 16 . The extent of observed dust lifting and sand motion on Mars is much greater than that expected from modeled and observed near-surface winds, based on the thresholds for grain motion predicted by theory, numerical grain motion modeling, and most laboratory experiments under Mars-like conditions 18,19 . Explanations for the apparently lower-than-expected thresholds have been 37,38 ) calculated in 2-s windows, d the spectrogram of the microphone sound pressure level (calculated using a window size of 0.2 s in order to resolve the fine details in the acoustic data) showing the wind noise, the grain impacts and also the rover pump harmonic at 760 Hz, and the acoustic echo at ~6 kHz due to sound reflections from the base of the microphone 37 .…”

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confidence: 91%

The sound of a Martian dust devil

et al. 2022

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Dust devils (convective vortices loaded with dust) are common at the surface of Mars, particularly at Jezero crater, the landing site of the Perseverance rover. They are indicators of atmospheric turbulence and are an important lifting mechanism for the Martian dust cycle. Improving our understanding of dust lifting and atmospheric transport is key for accurate simulation of the dust cycle and for the prediction of dust storms, in addition to being important for future space exploration as grain impacts are implicated in the degradation of hardware on the surface of Mars. Here we describe the sound of a Martian dust devil as recorded by the SuperCam instrument on the Perseverance rover. The dust devil encounter was also simultaneously imaged by the Perseverance rover’s Navigation Camera and observed by several sensors in the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer instrument. Combining these unique multi-sensorial data with modelling, we show that the dust devil was around 25 m large, at least 118 m tall, and passed directly over the rover travelling at approximately 5 m s−1. Acoustic signals of grain impacts recorded during the vortex encounter provide quantitative information about the number density of particles in the vortex. The sound of a Martian dust devil was inaccessible until SuperCam microphone recordings. This chance dust devil encounter demonstrates the potential of acoustic data for resolving the rapid wind structure of the Martian atmosphere and for directly quantifying wind-blown grain fluxes on Mars.

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confidence: 91%

The sound of a Martian dust devil

et al. 2022

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“…Disparities between dust MMR in the RA and PCM outputs are also affected by the absence/presence of a dust devil parameterisation. Dust devils play a large role in dust vertical transport, particularly during the NH summer (Newman et al, 2002;Kahre et al, 2006Kahre et al, , 2017, enabling and sustaining dust suspension above the surface (but mainly below ∼ 8 km) during NH spring and summer (Heavens et al, 2011;Neakrase et al, 2016;Gronoff et al, 2020;Newman et al, 2022). While the PCM includes parameterisation for this (Newman et al, 2002), the UM does not currently feature any explicit parameterisation for rapid vertical uplifting other than by aeolian-driven processes (Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995;Woodward, 2011).…”

Section: Dust Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such work would be able to identify differences which are solely due to these differences in parameterisations. Studies have been conducted on a mesoscale level in conjunction with the Mars 2020 lander (Newman et al, 2022) but took place prior to recent major improvements in parameterisations in current Mars GCMs (Kass et al, 2003;Madeleine et al, 2011;Spiga et al, 2013;Colaïtis et al, 2013;Navarro et al, 2014;González-Galindo et al, 2015). Global comparisons have been extensively applied to Earth GCMs through CMIP6 projects 5 (Eyring et al, 2016).…”

Section: Dust Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modern-day Mars climate in the Met Office Unified Model: dry simulations

McCulloch

Sergeev²,

Mayne³

et al. 2023

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We present results from the Met Office Unified Model (UM), a world-leading climate and weather model, adapted to simulate a dry Martian climate. We detail the adaptation of the basic parameterisations and analyse results from two simulations, one with radiatively active mineral dust and one with radiatively inactive dust. These simulations demonstrate how the radiative effects of dust act to accelerate the winds and create a mid-altitude isothermal layer during the dusty season. We validate our model through comparison with an established Mars model, the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique planetary climate model (PCM), finding good agreement in the seasonal wind and temperature profiles but with discrepancies in the predicted dust mass mixing ratio and conditions at the poles. This study validates the use of the UM for a Martian atmosphere, highlights how the adaptation of an Earth general circulation model (GCM) can be beneficial for existing Mars GCMs and provides insight into the next steps in our development of a new Mars climate model.

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“…Such work would be able to identify differences which are solely due to these differences in parameterisations. Studies have been conducted on a mesoscale level in conjunction with the Mars 2020 lander (Newman et al, 2022), but took place prior to recent major improvements in parameterisations in current Mars GCMs (Kass et al, 2003;Madeleine et al, 2011;Spiga et al, 2013;Colaïtis et al, 2013;Navarro et al, 2014;González-Galindo et al, 2015). Global comparisons have been extensively applied to Earth GCMs through CMIP6 projects 4 (Eyring et al, 2016).…”

Section: Dust Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modern-day Mars climate in the Met Office Unified Model: dry simulations

McCulloch

Sergeev

Mayne

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. We present results from the Met Office Unified Model (UM), a world-leading climate and weather model, adapted to simulate a dry Martian climate. We detail the adaptation of the basic parameterisations and analyse results from two simulations, one with radiatively active mineral dust, and one with radiatively inactive dust. These simulations demonstrate how the radiative effects of dust act to accelerate the winds and create a mid-altitude isothermal layer during the dusty season. We validate our model through comparison with an established Mars model, the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Mars Planetary Climate Model (PCM), finding good agreement in the seasonal wind and temperature profiles, but discrepancies in the predicted dust mass mixing ratio and conditions at the poles. This study validates the use of the UM for a Martian atmosphere, it highlights how the adaptation of an Earth GCM can be beneficial for existing Mars GCMs and provides insight into the next steps in our development of a new Mars climate model.

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Martian Dust

Cited by 8 publications

References 176 publications

The sound of a Martian dust devil

The sound of a Martian dust devil

A modern-day Mars climate in the Met Office Unified Model: dry simulations

A modern-day Mars climate in the Met Office Unified Model: dry simulations

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