Marrow adipose tissue in adolescent girls with obesity

Singhal, Vibha; Bose, Amita; Liang, Yini; Srivastava, Gitanjali; Goode, Susan; Stanford, Fatima Cody; Misra, Madhusmita; Bredella, Miriam A.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2019.115103

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within bone marrow, osteoblasts and adipocytes arise from a common mesenchymal stem cell and many osteoporotic states, including old age, immobility and anorexia nervosa are associated with increased marrow adiposity ( Schellinger et al, 2001 , Schellinger et al, 2004 ; Bredella et al, 2009 , Bredella et al, 2013 ; Trudel et al, 2012 ). Furthermore, higher MAT content has been demonstrated in adults with obesity compared to controls ( Bredella et al, 2013 ), while we have shown lower MAT content of the lumbar spine in adolescents with obesity compared to normal weight controls ( Singhal et al, 2019 ). However, no study has evaluated racial differences in MAT in adolescents with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity

et al. 2020

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Background Areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine by DXA is greater in Black compared to White adolescents. Bone strength is determined not only by BMD but also its microenvironment, and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been shown to be an important determinant of skeletal integrity, independent of BMD. Racial differences in volumetric BMD (vBMD) and MAT in adolescents and young adults with obesity are unknown. Objective To assess racial differences in lumbar vBMD and MAT in Black and White adolescents and young adults with obesity and to assess body composition determinants of bone parameters. We hypothesized that Blacks will have higher vBMD and lower MAT of the lumbar spine compared to Whites. Methods The study group comprised 77 adolescents/young adults, 25 Black and 52 White, (mean age 18.2 ± 2.5 years, range 13 to 24 years) with moderate to severe obesity (mean body mass index (BMI) 46.2 ± 7.3 kg/m 2 , range 35.5 to 69.7 kg/m 2 ). Groups were similar in age, BMI, and sex distribution (p > 0.84). Subjects underwent QCT of the lumbar spine (L1−L2) for assessment of vBMD with the use of a calibration phantom and 1H-MRS/MRI for quantification of lumbar MAT content (L1-L2) and abdominal fat and thigh muscle mass. Groups were compared by Student's t -test or Wilcoxon test. Correlation analysis was performed to assess associations between bone parameters and body composition. Results Black adolescents/young adults with obesity had higher vBMD compared to Whites (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant difference in lumbar MAT (p = 0.64). There were also no significant differences in body composition measures between groups (p ≥ 0.28). An inverse association between MAT and vBMD was observed in Whites (r = −0.47, P = 0.001) but not in Blacks (p = 0.6). There were no significant associations between body composition measures and bone parameters (p > 0.1). Conclusion There are racial differences in lumbar vBMD in adolescents and young adults with moderate to severe obesity, with Blacks having higher vBMD than Whites, while there were no differences in MAT content. The known inverse association between BMD and MAT was only observed in Whites but not in Blacks, suggesting possible racial differences in stem cell differentiation into the bone and fat lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity

et al. 2020

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“…As vWAT attaches and shares the vasculature with internal organs, lipid metabolites and adipokines are directly secreted from these adipocytes into the portal vein, leading to the disruption of homeostasis in hepatocytes and impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism, which eventually contribute to the onset of insulin resistance [38]. Apart from sWAT and vWAT, in contrast to the increased MAT that is accompanied by lowered mineral density in anorexia nervosa, obese adolescents [41] and adults (excluding postmenopausal women) [42] had less MAT with greater bone mineral density than healthy controls, while postmenopausal obese women had increased MAT due to the lack of estrogen [43] but the association between MAT and total fat/vWAT/sWAT masses were controversial among studies, which may suggest a unique role of MAT in endocrine modulation and the progression of adiposity [42]. To the contrary, both itMAT and iMAT increased in obese subjects, but only itMAT had a similar distribution and association with inflammation and insulin resistance as in vWAT [6].…”

Section: Depot-specific Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress, epigenetics, and adipose tissue metabolism in the obese state

2020

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In obesity, endocrine and metabolic perturbations, including those induced by chronic activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, are associated with the accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation. Such changes are attributable to a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that are influenced by the environment and exacerbated by chronic activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Stress exposure at different life stages can alter adipose tissue metabolism directly through epigenetic modification or indirectly through the manipulation of hypothalamic appetite regulation, and thereby contribute to endocrine changes that further disrupt whole-body energy balance. This review synthesizes current knowledge, with an emphasis on human clinical trials, to describe metabolic changes in adipose tissue and associated endocrine, genetic and epigenetic changes in the obese state. In particular, we discuss epigenetic changes induced by stress exposure and their contribution to appetite and adipocyte dysfunction, which collectively promote the pathogenesis of obesity. Such knowledge is critical for providing future directions of metabolism research and targets for treating metabolic disorders.

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“…Although there is inconsistency pertaining to the difference in BMAT between healthy adults and adults with obesity (34), a recent study has demonstrated that children with overweight or obesity had significantly higher BMAT fat content compared with healthy‐weight control children (14). Conversely, research among adolescents that have evaluated BMAT has found lower BMAT fat content in youth with obesity (35), specifically among female youth (17). Although the present study did not have a healthy control group, we found that youth with obesity had a similar vertebral BMAT as reported in other studies (14,17,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, research among adolescents that have evaluated BMAT has found lower BMAT fat content in youth with obesity (35), specifically among female youth (17). Although the present study did not have a healthy control group, we found that youth with obesity had a similar vertebral BMAT as reported in other studies (14,17,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, BMAT fat content has been associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) among healthy children (15) and adults with obesity and T2D (12), as well as with liver fat in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (16). In contrast, a recent study in postpubertal adolescent girls demonstrated lower BMAT fat content among girls with obesity compared with normal‐weight counterparts and no association between BMAT and VAT after controlling for weight (17). These contrarian findings highlight the importance of considering developmental periods as well as sex when examining BMAT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Bone marrow adipose tissue content in Latino adolescents with prediabetes and obesity

Wyst

Peña

et al. 2021

Obesity

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Objective This study aimed to examine whether total, regional, and organ fat predicts bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) fat content and to explore whether BMAT fat content differs by sex among Latino youth. Methods Latino youth (n = 86; age 13.6 [1.4] years, 62% male) with obesity (BMI percentile = 98.5% [1.2%]) underwent a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan to assess body composition and a magnetic resonance imaging scan to determine abdominal adiposity, liver fat, and vertebral BMAT fat content in the thoracic (average of T8‐T12) and lumbar (average of L1‐L5) spine. Results Male youth exhibited significantly greater thoracic (male youth = 30.8% [1.4%] vs. female youth = 24.5% [2.1%], p = 0.027) and lumbar (male youth = 36.3% [1.5%] vs. female youth = 30.2% [2.2%], p = 0.038) BMAT fat content compared with female youth. Visceral adipose tissue was a significant predictor of thoracic (β = 0.434, t[86] = 3.016, p = 0.003) and lumbar (β = 0.389, t[86] = 2.677, p = 0.009) BMAT fat content, explaining 8.9% and 6.9% of the variance, respectively. Liver fat was a significant predictor of both thoracic (β = 0.487, t[86] = 4.334, p < 0.001) and lumbar (β = 0.436, t[86] = 3.793, p < 0.001) BMAT fat content, explaining 17.6% and 13.8% of the variance, respectively. Conclusions Male youth had significantly greater thoracic and lumbar BMAT fat content than female youth. Greater BMAT fat content is associated with greater liver fat and visceral adipose tissue among youth with obesity. Further investigation of the mechanistic underpinnings of BMAT may help to differentiate its metabolic and bone‐related functions.

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Marrow adipose tissue in adolescent girls with obesity

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity

Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity

Chronic stress, epigenetics, and adipose tissue metabolism in the obese state

Bone marrow adipose tissue content in Latino adolescents with prediabetes and obesity

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