Marketing Research: Meaning, Measurement and Method

Stem, Donald E.; Dunn, R. A.; Tull, Donald S.; Hawkins, Del I.

doi:10.2307/3150490

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Internal consistency/internal-comparison reliability (i.e. inter-correlation among the scores of the items on a multiple-item index) 26 : the Cronbach alpha test (coefficient α ) was conducted for Na content of the various categories included in the questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate concurrent validity (i.e. the extent to which one measure of a variable can be used to estimate an individual’s current score on a different measure of the same or a closely related variable) 26 , habitual urinary Na excretion was compared across tertiles of dietary Na intake, estimated using the questionnaire. Stanines (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 4: Reliability of the questionnaire Alternative-form reliability (i.e. obtained by applying two 'equivalent' forms of the measuring instrument to the same subjects) 26 : subjects collected three 24-hour urinary volumes over a consecutive 3-week period, to correspond with dietary reporting periods. As a marker of completeness of collection, subjects were instructed to take 3 tablets (450 mg day 21 ) of non-metabolisable p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA; Laboratories for Applied Biology) with meals during the collection period 27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake

Charlton

Steyn

Levitt

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Nel, J. (2008). Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake. Public Health Nutrition, 11 (1), 83-94. Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake AbstractObjectives: To develop and validate a short, food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual dietary salt intake in South Africans and to allow classification of individuals according to intakes above or below the maximum recommended intake of 6 g salt/day. Design: Cross-sectional validation study in 324 conveniently sampled men and women. Methods: Repeated 24-hr urinary Na values and 24-hr dietary recalls were obtained on three occasions. Food items consumed by > 5% sample and which contributed e 50 mg Na/serving were included in the questionnaire in 42 categories. A scoring system was devised, based on Na content of one index food per category and frequency of consumption. Results: Positive correlations were found between Na content of 35 of the 42 food categories in the questionnaire and total Na intake, calculated from 24-hr recall data. Total Na content of the questionnaire was associated with Na estimations from 24-hr recall data (r = 0.750; P Keywords sodium, questionnaire, intake, validation, short, assess, development Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsCharlton, K. E., Steyn, K., Levitt, N., Jonathan, D., Zulu, J. & Nel, J. (2008). Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake. Public Health Nutrition, 11 (1), 83-94. AuthorsKaren E. Charlton, Krisela Steyn, Naomi Levitt, Deborah Jonathan, Jabuliswe Zulu, and Johanna Nel Abstract Objectives: To develop and validate a short food-frequency questionnaire to assess habitual dietary salt intake in South Africans and to allow classification of individuals according to intakes above or below the maximum recommended intake of 6 g salt day 21 . Design: Cross-sectional validation study in 324 conveniently sampled men and women. Methods: Repeated 24-hour urinary Na values and 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained on three occasions. Food items consumed by .5% of the sample and which contributed $50 mg Na serving 21 were included in the questionnaire in 42 categories. A scoring system was devised, based on Na content of one index food per category and frequency of consumption. Results: Positive correlations were found between Na content of 35 of the 42 food categories in the questionnaire and total Na intake, calculated from 24-hour recall data. Total Na content of the questionnaire was associated with Na estimations from 24-hour recall data (r 5 0.750; P , 0.0001; n 5 328) and urinary Na (r 5 0.152; P 5 0.0105; n 5 284). Urinary Na was higher for subjects in tertile 3 than tertile 1 of questionnaire Na content (P , 0.05). Questionnaire Na content of ,2400 and $2400 mg day 21 equated to a reference cut-off score of 48 and corresponded to mean (standard deviation) urinary Na values of 145 (68) and 176 (99) mmol day 21 , respectively (P , 0.05). Sensitivity and spe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake

Charlton

Steyn

Levitt

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data as they are deemed one of the best methods to explore an individual's behaviour and attitudes (Tull and Hawkins, 1990). One of three Indigenous RA or a non-Indigenous researcher, as indicated previously, conducted interviews.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing inequalities through strengths-based co-creation: indigenous students’ capabilities and transformative service mediator practices

Davey

Johns

Blackwell

2023

JSM

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Purpose Service marketers are increasingly aware of inequalities triggered by service systems and the need to prioritize practical strategies for reducing inequalities. A priority area for the Australian Government is reducing university education inequities for Indigenous Australians. This paper aims to examine how Indigenous Australian university students build and leverage their capabilities and strengths, harnessing service providers’ efforts towards enhancing participation (and completion) in university education – an essential transformative outcome for reducing inequalities. Design/methodology/approach A three-stage qualitative research process explored student retention/completion and capability building among a sample of Indigenous Australian university students, typically under-represented in the higher education sector. Findings Applying a manual thematic analysis, the findings reveal Indigenous students’ value co-creating capabilities (summarized in three dimensions) harness multi-actor processes extending beyond the service provider. Five dimensions summarize the service provider’s transformative service activities that strengthen capabilities for Indigenous Australian university students. Networks of place (a structured Indigenous Centre); processes (university systems); and people (social support), including peer-to-peer networks, are important service assemblages. Practical implications The authors present implications for supporting Indigenous students in persisting with and completing higher education. More broadly, the authors provide recommendations for service marketers to resolve barriers to service equality and enhance strengths-based approaches to value co-creation. Originality/value Underpinned by a strengths-based approach, the authors contribute towards an agenda of sustainable transformative services. Although considerable research reviews the experiences of Indigenous students, little research has taken a transformative service research perspective. Addressing this, the authors propose a conceptual framework linking consumers’ agentic capabilities with transformative service mediator practices.

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“…We identified 98 generic attributes/items through a review of the existing literature. Eight focus groups were conducted among management post-graduate students in Indian universities using an inductive approach (Spector, 1992;Tull and Hawkins, 1994;Churchill, 1995). Each session lasted an hour.…”

Section: Specifying the Constructmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of empirically based customer-derived positioning taxonomy for consumer electronics sector in the Indian emerging market

Saqib

Satar

2021

IJOEM

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PurposeAn Indian emerging market positioning taxonomy has been developed in response to the literature review's findings that existing positioning typologies/taxonomies are based on managerial perspectives rather than consumer/customer perceptions and are only developed for advanced countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a three-step process for developing and validating a scale in order to conduct its research. In the first phase, items are generated and selected based on a literature review, focus groups and expert opinion. Exploratory factor analysis is used to fine-tune the scale in the second phase. Phase 3 uses CFA to establish convergent, discriminant and nomological validity through the use of CFA.FindingsA consumer-based taxonomy of positioning strategies were developed as a result of the research. Six distinct positioning strategies emerged that was named (1) Value for Money, (2) Functional (3) Premiumisation, (4) Promotional Campaign, (5) Brand Name (6) Visual Aesthetics.Research limitations/implicationsDeveloping and validating measurement scales will be made easier with the help of this paper. Target populations, industry and geography selection and a cross-sectional time horizon are just a few of the study's drawbacks.Practical implicationsThe study's practical implications include six factors/strategies that managers, advertising executives and marketing experts of consumer electronics companies in the Indian emerging market could use to position their products, resulting in the overall success of their organisations.Originality/valueThis study adds to the marketing literature by providing a solid theoretical foundation and a validated instrument for operationalising positioning strategies.

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Marketing Research: Meaning, Measurement and Method

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake

Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake

Reducing inequalities through strengths-based co-creation: indigenous students’ capabilities and transformative service mediator practices

Development of empirically based customer-derived positioning taxonomy for consumer electronics sector in the Indian emerging market

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