“…In 2008, it had 2.5 million electricity customers in total, 1.8 in ROI and 0.7 million in NI [16]. As a centralized gross mandatory pool, all electricity in SEM is traded through a market clearing mechanism based on generators bidding their Short Run Marginal Cost (SRMC) and receiving the System Marginal Price (SMP) [45]. The SEM is operated and administered by the Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO), which is a contractual joint venture between Eirgrid and the Systems Operator for Northern Ireland (SONI), the transmission system operators in the ROI and NI respectively (both are Independent System Operators (ISO)).…”