Market-Based Energy Management Model of a Building Microgrid Considering Battery Degradation

Scenario-Based Stochastic Optimization for Energy and Flexibility Dispatch of a Microgrid

“…3) BES Model: The BES model is given by ( 7)-( 17). This is a measurement-based model, which was first presented in [19] and later expanded in [20] in order to include the BES degradation model presented in [21] and modified in [22] and [23] to express the BES capacity loss as a function of cumulative energy throughput. The model uses a samplingbased approach on data from charging/discharging curves in order to capture the behavior of an actual BES more accurately compared to typical linear BES models used in optimization models.…”

“…The MG operator implements the optimal energy schedule obtained from solving the SO problem given by (20) for τ < t 0 at each time step τ . If the DSO needs to buy flexibility, a request is sent at τ = t 0 to the MG-EMS, which responds with the amount p f lex and a stochastic assessment of the flexibility that can be offered by solving (20) for τ = t 0 . The response is sent directly after the request e.g., in Fig.…”

“…Moreover, the MG response and the notification of acceptance/decline from DSO can occur later than t 0 . In that case, the MG-EMS will repeatedly solve (20) for τ = t 0 to optimize the flexibility offer at each time step until it sends the response to the DSO.…”

“…The stochastic assessment of flexibility was performed at time step τ = t 0 i.e., right after the notification of the flexibility request. The results are obtained by solving at τ = t 0 the respective SO problem as defined in (20).…”

Co-Optimizing Battery Storage for Energy Arbitrage and Frequency Regulation in Real-Time Markets Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

“…In [7], the authors identified the optimal conditions for wireless charging of electric vehicles when they were in motion to reduce energy consumption. A model was presented for a residential energy management system to dispatch battery energy storage in a market-based setting [8]. A privacy-aware framework was presented for utility-driven demand-side management with a realistic energy storage system model [9].…”