Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in ESRD Patients with Hepatitis-C Virus Positive on Maintenance Haemodialysis

Inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases biomarkers in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A review

“…Treatment strategies based on hsCRP levels have resulted in reduced CVD events, and hsCRP levels are used to re‐classify patients with intermediate ASCVD risk currently . However, CRP levels were decreased in HCV patients compared to uninfected patients in many but not all studies . Inconsistencies in results may be due to differences in patient populations, study designs and types of assay used.…”

“…In addition, lipid levels, which are a component of many CVD risk stratification tools are known to be decreased in CHC patients, 173 45 Antonelli et al 51 Caliskan et al 55 Cielecka-Kuszyk et al 56 Falasca et al 164 Siloşi et al 166 Ramos-Casals et al 167 Riccio et al 169 Nascimento et al 162 45 Caliskan et al 55 Cielecka-Kuszyk et al 56 Mezher et al 68 Elsammak et al 74 Pawlak et al 160 Siloşi et al 166 Ramos-Casals et al 167 Antonelli et al 168 sTNFRI/II el-Din et al 165 Realdon et al 170 CRP/hsCRP Caliskan et al 55 Yelken et al 158 Chennu et al 159 Pawlak et al 160 Caliskan et al 161 Nascimento et al 162 HCV-infected and HCV uninfected patients, 100,174 and there is a growing concern that CVD risk assessment using current risk scoring tools may be suboptimal for patients with heightened inflammatory states leading to an underestimation of risk in these patients. 175 CRP is an established cardiac biomarker for increased CVD risk and has been included in traditional risk assessment algorithms.…”

“…25 However, CRP levels were decreased in HCV patients compared to uninfected patients in many 35,98,99,157,163 but not all studies. 34,102,158,159,163 Inconsistencies in results may be due to differences in patient populations, study designs and types of assay used. For example, CRP levels appear to be higher among HCV-infected patients with ESRD who may have higher CRP levels at baseline.…”

“…TNF‐α and IL‐6 have been elevated in ESRD patients with and without HCV compared to healthy controls . In contrast, studies among ESRD patients evaluating CRP levels in the CHC population have shown mixed results, with studies demonstrating increased levels, similar levels, and lower levels of serum hsCRP among ESRD patients with HCV infection compared to uninfected controls. In one study, authors found similar levels of serum hsCRP and IL‐6 levels in the HCV‐infected patients compared to the uninfected patients with mean IL‐6/hsCRP ratio significantly lower in the HCV positive group, leading the authors to hypothesize that the liver may have a blunted response to IL‐6 in the presence of HCV infection …”