Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>(nano) particles

Pelclová, Daniela; Ždı́mal, Vladimı́r; Fenclová, Zdeňka; Vlčková, Štěpánka; Turci, Francesco; Corazzari, Ingrid; Kačer, Petr; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Makeš, Otakar; Syslová, Kamila; Komarc, Martin; Belacek, Jaroslav; Navrátil, Tomáš; Machajova, Michaela; Zakharov, Sergey

doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-103161

Cited by 79 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This hypothesis is further supported by a large study of workers exposed to different types of engineered nanoparticles in 14 nano manufacturing plants, which documented a suppression of antioxidant enzymes (Liao et al, 2014;Liou et al, 2012). Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress were found in copier operators, who are exposed exclusively to nanoparticles, which also contain small amounts of nanoTiO 2 from toners and paper (Khatri et al, 2013b;Martin et al, 2015), and in iron oxide pigment producing workers with a high proportion of nanoparticles in inhaled aerosol (Pelclova et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers

et al. 2016

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Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nanoTiO 2 ) is a commercially important nanomaterial. Animal studies have documented lung injury and inflammation, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Yet, human health data are scarce and quantitative risk assessments and biomonitoring of exposure are lacking. NanoTiO 2 is classified by IARC as a group 2B, possible human carcinogen. In our earlier studies we documented an increase in markers of inflammation, as well as DNA and protein oxidative damage, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of workers exposed nanoTiO 2 . This study focuses on biomarkers of lipid oxidation. Several established lipid oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxytrans-nonenal, 8-isoProstaglandin F2a and aldehydes C 6 -C 12 ) were studied in EBC and urine of 34 workers and 45 comparable controls. The median particle number concentration in the production line ranged from 1.98 Â 10 4 to 2.32 Â 10 4 particles/cm 3 with $80% of the particles <100 nm in diameter. Mass concentration varied between 0.40 and 0.65 mg/m 3 . All 11 markers of lipid oxidation were elevated in production workers relative to the controls (p < 0.001). A significant dose-dependent association was found between exposure to TiO 2 and markers of lipid oxidation in the EBC. These markers were not elevated in the urine samples. Lipid oxidation in the EBC of workers exposed to (nano)TiO 2 complements our earlier findings on DNA and protein damage. These results are consistent with the oxidative stress hypothesis and suggest lung injury at the molecular level. Further studies should focus on clinical markers of potential disease progression. EBC has reemerged as a sensitive technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers

et al. 2016

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“…One study initially reported findings from 2012 [22], with 20 exposed workers (16 in production and 4 in research positions) and 20 control participants, as well as, findings from 2013, with 28 exposed workers (14 in production and 14 in office positions) and 25 control participants [22]. Subsequently, an update of this study [23] reported 36 exposed workers (32 in production and 4 in research positions) and 45 control participants. All available data from both reports are included in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this review does not lend itself to pooling results for intensive analyses and the results were reported in a narrative. One study was a case study [17], three were cross-sectional in design [18,20,21], one was stated as longitudinal, but was a follow-up cross sectional study [19] and one study was a case study that reported results pre- and post-shift exposure [23]. One study was conducted in Virginia, United States [16], one in the Czech Republic [23], three in Taiwan [18,19,20] and two in South Korea [17,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Screening and Surveillance Programs to Protect Workers from Nanomaterials

et al. 2016

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BackgroundScreening and surveillance approaches for workers exposed to nanomaterials could aid in early detection of health effects, provide data for epidemiological studies and inform action to decrease exposure. The aim of this review is to identify such screening and surveillance approaches, in order to extract available data regarding (i) the studies that have successfully been implemented in present day, (ii) identification of the most common and/or toxic nano-related health hazards for workers and (iii) possible exposure surveillance markers. This review contributes to the current understanding of the risk associated with nanomaterials by determining the knowledge gap and making recommendations based on current findings.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched to identify articles reporting on any surveillance-related study that described both exposure to nanomaterials and the health indicators that were measured. Four reviewers worked in pairs to independently assess the eligibility of studies and risk of bias before extraction of data. Studies were categorised according to the type of study and the medical surveillance performed, which included the type of nanomaterial, any exposure details provided, as well as health indicators and biomarkers tested.ResultsInitially 92 studies were identified, from which 84 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Seven studies met all the inclusion criteria, i.e. those performed in Taiwan, Korea, Czech Republic and the US. Of these, six compared health indicators between exposed and unexposed workers and one study described a surveillance program. All studies were at a high risk of bias. Workers were exposed to a mix of nanomaterials in three studies, carbon-based nanomaterials in two studies, nano-silver in one study and nano-titanium oxide in the other study. Two studies did not find a difference in biomarkers between exposed and unexposed workers. In addition, differences in early effects on pulmonary function or neurobehavioral tests were not observed. One study found an increased prevalence of allergic dermatitis and “sneezing” in the exposed group.ConclusionsThis review of recently published data on surveillance studies proves that there is a gap in the current knowledge, where most of the surveillance-related studies reported do not follow a set format that provides the required information on ENM characterisation, the type of exposure and the measured indicators/biomarkers. Hence, there is very low quality evidence that screening and surveillance might detect adverse health effects associated with workplace exposure. This systematic review is relevant because it proves that, although surveillance programs have been initiated and preliminary results are being published, the current studies are actually not answering the important questions or solving the overall problem regarding what the potential health hazards are among workers either handling or potentially exposed to ENMs. The recommendations, thus proposed, are based on an ...

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“…The same authors, in another study [38], found a significant increase of markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate of workers exposed to titanium dioxide NPs.…”

Section: Biological Monitoring and Markers Of Nps Exposure In Workersmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nano-Scaled Particles and Fibres Occupational Exposure Assessment: An Integrated Approach from Air Sampling to Skin and Surface Contamination

Prodi¹,

Filon²

2016

Nano BioMed ENG

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Workers may be exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) by inhalation, cutaneous contact and gastroenteric pathways, but today there is no standardized method for either assessing or monitoring the occupational exposure. Moreover, there is no all-in-one assessment strategy, so it is preferable to consider different perspectives. Every assessment should be preceded by a preliminary analysis of the workplace in order to gather useful data on the potential exposure sources, which will help in outlining the assessment strategy. The purpose of air monitoring should be to characterize NP emissions and assess, as a minimum, the mass, particle number concentration, granulometric distribution, specific surface and chemical composition. There are several techniques which may assess these characteristics: the most used in real occupational contexts are mobility particle sizers, particle counters (optical, condensation, etc.), surface area monitors, while personal samplers are promising tools which still have been used almost only in research or controlled contexts. Skin and surfaces may be sampled according to the nature of substances and the circumstances of exposure. Sampling methods can be divided in three main categories: interception (e.g. carbon tabs), removal (e.g. adhesive tape stripping, wiping), in situ methods (e.g. UV fluorescence). Chemical analysis methods (e.g. spectroscopy) and electron microscopy techniques may enhance available data. Considering the available information, we suggest a stepwise approach for risk assessment composed of three steps, starting from a quick and relatively cheap screening method to assess exposure, followed by 2 gradually more accurate but costly approaches to perform whether a significant exposure is detected.

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Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO₂(nano) particles

Abstract: The concentration of titanium in EBC may serve as a direct exposure marker in workers producing TiO2 pigment; the markers of oxidative stress reflect the local biological effect of (nano)TiO2 in the respiratory tract of the exposed workers.

Cited by 79 publications

References 38 publications

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers

Systematic Review of Screening and Surveillance Programs to Protect Workers from Nanomaterials

Nano-Scaled Particles and Fibres Occupational Exposure Assessment: An Integrated Approach from Air Sampling to Skin and Surface Contamination

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Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO2(nano) particles

Abstract: The concentration of titanium in EBC may serve as a direct exposure marker in workers producing TiO2 pigment; the markers of oxidative stress reflect the local biological effect of (nano)TiO2 in the respiratory tract of the exposed workers.

Cited by 79 publications

References 38 publications

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO2 production workers

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO2 production workers

Systematic Review of Screening and Surveillance Programs to Protect Workers from Nanomaterials

Nano-Scaled Particles and Fibres Occupational Exposure Assessment: An Integrated Approach from Air Sampling to Skin and Surface Contamination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO₂(nano) particles

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers

Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO₂ production workers