Markers of bladder cancer: their role and prognostic significance (literature review)

Aim. To investigate local concentrations and distribution of cytokines in tumor tissue and perifocal zone in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of low malignant potential in patients with low and high probability of disease recurrence. Materials and methods. We have studied tumor and perifocal zone fragments of 31 patients with verified non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of low malignant potential and with different probabilities of recurrence. Fifteen (15) patients developed recurrences 6–9 months after combination treatment. The fragments of primary and recurrent tumors were echanically disaggregated and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes. Levels of cytokines interleukin (IL) -1β, -6, -8, -10, -18, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (Vektor-Best, Russia), and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) (CXCL-5 chemokine) (Cloud-Clone Corp., USA) were measured in the samples by ELISA. Results were statistically processed using Statistica 13 software (StatSoft Inc., USA), and presented as median and interquartile range – 25th and 75th percentile (Ме [LQ; UQ]).Results. Comparison of cytokine concentrations within the groups showed that the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-18) in tumor tissues were higher than in the perifocal zone tissues. This pattern was expected because tumor is the main site of inflammation. Comparison of these indicators between groups showed that in tumor tissues with an unfavorable course of the disease, namely disease recurrence, the levels of almost all inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6) were higher. A similar pattern was observed when comparing the levels of cytokines in the tissues of the perifocal zone. These differences were statistically significant. ENA-78 concentration was not determined in all cases.Conclusion. The data obtained during the study indicates that in patients with unfavorable disease course (recurrence), tumor growth is associated with high expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which can subsequently lead to development of disease recurrence.

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Local cytokine concentration in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of low malignant potential and with varying rates of recurrence

Belyakova

Шевченко

Shulgina

et al. 2023

Onkourologiâ

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Main epidemiological data on cases of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg in 2012–2021

Popov¹,

Guseynov

Khizha

et al. 2023

Onkourologiâ

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Background. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most common neoplasias in this group. The incidence and mortality rates of the population from bladder cancer differ significantly in different geographical regions of Russia.Aim. To assess the main epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in residents of Saint Petersburg and the regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The main epidemiological indicators of malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg, Russia and individual federal districts for the period 2012–2021 were studied: crude and standardized rates of morbidity, mortality, prevalence, age structure of patients, the number of cases of diagnosis of the disease at various stages, indicators of one-year mortality and 5-year survival, data on completed cases of treatment of bladder neoplasms. Sources of information: Form No. 7 “Information on cases of malignant diseases” and the database of the Medical Information and Analytical Center (Saint Petersburg).Results. During the period 2012–2021 in Russia, there was an increase in the incidence and prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the bladder. At the same time, mortality rates decreased, and 5-year survival rates increased. This fact indicates the effectiveness of the treatment of patients in this category. In more than 50 % of cases, the disease was detected at stage I of the pathological process, which is due to the proper level of diagnosis. The main medical and statistical indicators in patients with malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg are comparable to the average Russian data, and in a number of parameters they exceed them.Conclusion. Oncourological assistance to the population with malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg is provided properly. The study of medical and statistical indicators in dynamics can be used to improve the algorithms of medical and diagnostic care for cancer patients.

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The role of clinical metabolomics in the diagnosis of bladder cancer

Zamyatnin¹,

Malushko²,

Gonchar³

2022

Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)

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BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a widespread disease characterized by high cancer-specific mortality and high cost of treatment. The search for available and reliable biological markers for the early diagnosis of urothelial carcinomas is an urgent task of oncourology. One of the promising ways to improve the efficiency of bladder cancer diagnostics is the use of the possibility of the clinical metabolomics. AIM: Was to study the possibility of assessing the content of various amino acids and their metabolites in blood serum for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum concentrations of 28 amino acids and their metabolites were studied in 18 patients with urothelial cancer and 20 representatives of the control group without an oncological history. History taking, routine oncological screening, and blood sampling for laboratory tests were performed. RESULTS: Four metabolomes (glycine, phenylalanine, asparagine, and threonine) were identified, the blood serum concentration of which significantly changes in patients with urothelial cancer. These metabolomes can be considered as potential biomarkers of urothelial cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the serum content of these four amino acids seems to be the most promising for the isolation of a potential biomarker of urothelial cancer.

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Markers of bladder cancer: their role and prognostic significance (literature review)

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Local cytokine concentration in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of low malignant potential and with varying rates of recurrence

Local cytokine concentration in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of low malignant potential and with varying rates of recurrence

Main epidemiological data on cases of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg in 2012–2021

The role of clinical metabolomics in the diagnosis of bladder cancer

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