Marker-assisted introgression of wild chromosome segments conferring resistance to fungal foliar diseases into peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

IntroductionFungal foliar diseases can severely affect the productivity of the peanut crop worldwide. Late leaf spot is the most frequent disease and a major problem of the crop in Brazil and many other tropical countries. Only partial resistance to fungal diseases has been found in cultivated peanut, but high resistances have been described on the secondary gene pool.MethodsTo overcome the known compatibility barriers for the use of wild species in peanut breeding programs, we used an induced allotetraploid (Arachis stenosperma × A. magna)4x, as a donor parent, in a successive backcrossing scheme with the high-yielding Brazilian cultivar IAC OL 4. We used microsatellite markers associated with late leaf spot and rust resistance for foreground selection and high-throughput SNP genotyping for background selection.ResultsWith these tools, we developed agronomically adapted lines with high cultivated genome recovery, high-yield potential, and wild chromosome segments from both A. stenosperma and A. magna conferring high resistance to late leaf spot and rust. These segments include the four previously identified as having QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for resistance to both diseases, which could be confirmed here, and at least four additional QTLs identified by using mapping populations on four generations.DiscussionThe introgression germplasm developed here will extend the useful genetic diversity of the primary gene pool by providing novel wild resistance genes against these two destructive peanut diseases.

Genetic diversity, disease resistance, and environmental adaptation of Arachis duranensis L.: New insights from landscape genomics

“…The QTL detected on chromosome A04 of A . stenosperma (0–7.0 Mb) [ 24 ] is also comparable to one of the two A04 chromosome regions detected here (1.7–6.7 Mb). Furthermore, the region at the end of chromosome A02 has been associated with resistance to peanut smut Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist [ 55 ] and root-knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria [ 56 ].…”

“…A different source of LLS resistance associated with chromosomes A02, A04, and A06 was detected in peanut introgression lines carrying wild chromosome segments from A . stenosperma [ 24 ]. Two major QTLs mapped on chromosomes A02 and A06 at positions 86.0–92.0 Mb and 93.0–110.0 Mb, respectively [ 24 ].…”

“…stenosperma [ 24 ]. Two major QTLs mapped on chromosomes A02 and A06 at positions 86.0–92.0 Mb and 93.0–110.0 Mb, respectively [ 24 ]. These chromosome positions are similar to those found in the current study ( S3 Table ).…”

Calcium enhanced the resistance against Phoma arachidicola by improving cell membrane stability and regulating reactive oxygen species metabolism in peanut

“…As the world’s leading producer, China has dedicated approximately 4684 thousand hectares to peanut cultivation, yielding around 18.329 million tons in 2022 (National Bureau of Statistics data, http://www.stats.gov.cn/ ). However, various biotic and abiotic stresses affect peanut yield, with pests and diseases being among the major factors causing yield reduction [ 3 ]. Peanut is susceptible to a multitude of pathogens, with common diseases including peanut black spot, peanut early leaf spot, and peanut web blotch, the latter being the most severe and caused by Phoma arachidicola Marasas Pauer&Boerema [ 4 ].…”

Development and evaluation of the utility of GenoBaits Peanut 40K for a peanut MAGIC population

“…Pandey et al ( 2017 ) developed a high-density “Axiom_ Arachis ” genotyping array with 58K SNPs, which greatly promoted the mapping of genes related to key peanut characteristics. For example, this array was used to identify the genes mediating the resistance to late leaf spot (Moretzsohn et al 2023 ). It has also been used along with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to reveal the genomic regions and candidate genes associated with the seed weight and shelling percentage of groundnut (Gangurde et al 2023 ) as well as with the African core groundnut collection to detect novel loci for the resistance to groundnut rosette disease on the basis of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (Achola et al 2023 ).…”