Marked increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in the developing rat following long-term sympathectomy with guanethidine

Aberdeen, J.; Corr, Lara; Milner, P.; Lincoln, J.; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90132-n

Cited by 89 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This view suggests interplay between sympathetic and sensory nerves to and from WAT respectively, and is based on evidence for such interactions in other tissues. For example, global sympathectomy or surgical denervation markedly increases CGRP immunoreactivity in the mesenteric and other vascular beds, as well as in most organs (Mione et al 1992;Aberdeen et al 1990). Conversely, a reciprocal response occurs after global sensory denervation, resulting in increases in sympathetic activity measured electrophysiologically (Ralevic et al 1995 Fig.…”

Section: Does White Adipose Tissue Have Parasympathetic Nervous Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

et al. 2005

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While investigating the reversible seasonal obesity of Siberian hamsters, direct sympathetic nervous system (SNS) postganglionic innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been demonstrated using anterograde and retrograde tract tracers. The primary function of this innervation is lipid mobilization. The brain SNS outflow to WAT has been defined using the pseudorabies virus (PRV), a retrograde transneuronal tract tracer. These PRV-labelled SNS outflow neurons are extensively co-localized with melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA, which, combined with functional data, suggests their involvement in lipolysis. The SNS innervation of WAT also regulates fat cell number, as noradrenaline inhibits and WAT denervation stimulates fat cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo respectively. The sensory innervation of WAT has been demonstrated by retrograde tract tracing, electrophysiological recording and labelling of the sensory-associated neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in WAT. Local injections of the sensory nerve neurotoxin capsaicin into WAT selectively destroy this innervation. Just as surgical removal of WAT pads triggers compensatory increases in lipid accretion by nonexcised WAT depots, capsaicin-induced sensory denervation triggers increases in lipid accretion of non-capsaicin-injected WAT depots, suggesting that these nerves convey information about body fat levels to the brain. Finally, parasympathetic nervous system innervation of WAT has been suggested, but the recent finding of no WAT immunoreactivity for the possible parasympathetic marker vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) argues against this claim. Collectively, these data suggest several roles for efferent and afferent neural innervation of WAT in body fat regulation.Sympathetic nervous system: Sensory nerves: Parasympathetic nervous system: Pseudorabies virus: Lipolysis A critical ability of all animals is to meet energy demands quickly with utilizable metabolic fuels. In mammals glycogen serves as a rapidly available, but extremely limited, carbohydrate energy source. Energy is predominately stored as lipid in white adipose tissue (WAT) in the form of triacylglycerol (Newsholme & Leech, 1983). Access to this energy in fat can be mediated by several means, principally by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of WAT. The present review starts by discussing the SNS innervation of WAT and then considers its sensory innervation and possible parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) innervation. As the title of the review suggests, the cross talk occurring between the brain and WAT, which use these innervations as conduits, will be highlighted. However, the provocative and interesting cross talk between WAT and the brain that occurs via humoral factors will not be discussed.Adrenal medullary catecholamines, once thought to be the principal stimulators of lipid mobilization, do not play a major role in lipolysisTraditionally, adrenal medullary secretion of catecholamines, primarily adrenaline, is thought to be the underlying means by whi...

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Section: Does White Adipose Tissue Have Parasympathetic Nervous Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

et al. 2005

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“…There is controversial evidence of the effects of guanethidine on substance P fibre content. Changes in the number of substance P fibres in guanethidine-treated rats were not observed by Aberdeen et al (1990), while a significant increase of such fibres has been described by Mione et al (1992). Because the weight of the adrenals was higher in denervated guinea pigs than in controls, we can suppose that the progesterone measured in denervated animals is of adrenal origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Another possibility is that guanethidine administration results in an alteration of ovarian sensory nerve fibres. In long-term guanethidine-treated rats, an increase in the number of fibres expressing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been described (Aberdeen et al 1990, Mione et al 1992). In the periphery, CGRP has been implicated mainly in sensory functions and, in particular, in pain transmission (Mione et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig

Riboni

Escamilla²,

Chavira³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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The effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration to newborn and 10-dayold female guinea pigs on puberty, ovulation and the follicular population were analysed. Peripheral sympathetic denervation beginning at birth resulted in the loss of ovarian norepinephrine content (0·95. 0·1 ng/mg wet tissue in untreated control animals vs non detectable in treated animals). Guanethidine administration to newborn or 10-day-old guinea pigs advanced puberty (age of vaginal opening: 27 1·2 days (newborn), 26 1·7 (10-day-old) vs 37 0·7 (control), P<0·001) and ovulation. The number of corpora lutea in control and denervated animals was similar (3·5 0·2 vs 3·3 0·3). The relative weight (mg/100 g body weight) of the ovaries and adrenals in the denervated animals autopsied during the late follicular phase (24-48 h after vaginal opening) increased (ovaries: 27·8 1·3, 28·9 3·0 vs 20·9 0·8, P<0·05; adrenals 36·4 1·4, 37·0 0·8 vs 31·6 1·5, P<0·05), while the uterine weight diminished (179 13, 149 28 vs 292 20). When the animals were killed during the late luteal phase (9-11 days after vaginal closure), the relative weight of the ovaries of newborn guanethidine-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (21·4 1·7 vs 16·8 1·4, P<0·05). The mean number of follicles counted in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in control animals (1736 230 vs 969 147, P<0·05). The mean diameter of the follicles in the untouched control ovary in animals killed in the late follicular phase was significantly larger than from animals killed in the late luteal phase (263 3·9 µm vs 248 3·0 µm, P<0·01). The mean diameter of the follicles measured in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in controls (animals treated from birth 274 2·0 µm vs 255 2·4, P<0·05; animals treated from day 10, 286 2·3 µm vs 257 2·3, P<0·05). When the mean diameter of the follicles in the left and right ovary of the untouched control was analysed, the follicular diameter in the left ovary was significantly larger than in the right ovary (309 6·0 µm vs 214 3·9, P<0·01); the response of the left and right ovaries to sympathetic denervation was the opposite. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of follicular growth, maturation and atresia which is not related to changes in steroid secretion by the ovary, but to other regulatory mechanisms.

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“…It is well known that guanethidine removes selectively sympathetic fibers from all tissues and induces a dramatic loss of catecholamine in the circulation and tissues (Aberdeen et al 1990;Villanueva et al 2003) including blood vessels and heart (Heath and Burnstock 1977) except adrenal gland and brain (Johnson et al 1977). Also, chronic administrations of guanethidine or AT1R inhibitor losartan reduce SBP (Balt et al 2001;Supowit et al 2005).…”

Section: A B a Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in rat cardiovascular tissues by sympathetic nervous system and angiotensin II

Dab

Hachani²,

Sakly³

et al. 2013

gpb

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Abstract. Pro-inflammatory cytokines regulation by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and angiotensin II (ANG II) was widely described in cardiovascular system, but the role of such neuro-humoral interaction needs further investigation in this context.We tested SNS-ANG II interaction on IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in left ventricle (LV) and aorta from normotensive rats by sympathectomy with guanethidine and blockade of the ANG II AT1 receptors (AT1R) antagonist with losartan. mRNA synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α were performed by Q-RT-PCR.In the LV, IL-6 mRNA increased by 63% (p < 0.01) after sympathectomy, still unchanged after losartan treatment and decreased by 38% (p < 0.05) after combined treatment. TNF-α mRNA decreased by 44% (p < 0.01), only after combined treatment. In the aorta, IL-6 mRNA increased equally by 65% (p < 0.05) after sympathectomy or losartan treatment. TNF-α mRNA decreased by 28, 41, and 42% (p < 0.05) after sympathectomy, losartan and combined treatments, respectively. Our data suggest that ANG II stimulates directly (via AT1R) and indirectly (via SNS) IL-6 mRNA synthesis in LV and aorta and TNF-α mRNA in LV. ANG II seems unable to influence directly TNF-α mRNA synthesis in the aorta but can stimulate this cytokine via SNS. The results are relevant to prevent or reduce proinflammatory cytokines overexpression seen in cardiovascular diseases.

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Marked increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in the developing rat following long-term sympathectomy with guanethidine

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig

Physiological regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in rat cardiovascular tissues by sympathetic nervous system and angiotensin II

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