Marked extension of diagnosis length in optical time domain reflectometry using 1.32 μm YAG laser

Monitoring technique for a hybrid PS/WDM-PON by using a tunable OTDR and FBGs

“…The passive optical network (PON) [1] is a promising architecture in optical access networks. To guarantee quality of service through the PON, monitoring techniques should be provided under the in-service state through both fault diagnosis and maintenance [2][3][4]. However, the PON has some difficulties in in-service monitoring and maintenance due to its inherent point-to-multipoint architecture, not point-to-point.…”

“…Recently, the PS/WDM-PON (or hybrid PON) as a hybrid form of power-splitter (PS)-PON and WDM-PON has drawn much interest from network providers because it can expand network coverage as an overlay structure of the already installed PS-PON or from the scalability by the wavelength to be added. In such a hybrid PON, the monitoring technique to diagnose failures from multi-branched service lines is more important [2][3][4].…”

Monitoring technique for multiple power splitter-passive optical networks using a tunable OTDR and FBGs

“…To guarantee the performance of access service in the high capacity PON, the monitoring techniques through both fault diagnosis and maintenance for the point-to-multipoint architectures have to be prepared under in-service state [2][3][4][5][6] . However, the PON have difficulties in in-service monitoring and maintaining.…”

BOTDA-nondestructive measurement of single-mode optical fiber attenuation characteristics using Brillouin interaction: theory

“…This provides portability and safety advantages compared to conventional OTDR using high power lasers such as the Nd : YAG laser or E?' : glass laser [3], [6]. For case 1, the pump pulse generates backward Brillouin gain in a single-mode fiber.…”